Endoscopy 1999; 31(8): 687-694
DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-72
Special Topic
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (EPAGE): Conclusion and WWW Site

J.-P. Vader 2 , F. Froehlich 1 , R. W. Dubois 3 , C. Beglinger 4 , V. Wietlisbach2 , V. Pittet2 , N. Ebel4 , J.-J. Gonvers1 , B. Burnand2
  • * Policlinique Médicale Universitaire, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • ** Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • *** Protocare Sciences, Santa Monica, USA
  • **** Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • ***** Gastroenterology Department, University of Basel, Switzerland
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 December 1999 (online)

Background

Upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy are safe and accurate procedures which are widely used. Given the increasing need to ensure high quality of care within the current worldwide context of cost containment, appropriate use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as GI endoscopy, is crucial. Clinical practice guidelines are designed to assist in this task; but they need to be based on well-documented and validated methods. One of the leading approaches is the RAND appropriateness method [1] [2] [3] which combines expert opinion with available scientific evidence. Studies comparing the Swiss and US panel-based criteria for the appropriateness of GI endoscopy have shown that the method is reliable [4] [5] . With criteria developed according to this method in 1994, we have assessed both over- and underutilisation of gastroscopy and colonoscopy in prospective studies [6] [7] [8] [9] .

Because no criteria were available to define the appropriate use of gastrointestinal endoscopy on a European level, the aim of the Lausanne conference was to develop criteria of appropriateness and necessity, within a concerted action R&D project, to improve quality of care within the European Community. It should be added, however, that - given the significant differences in health care systems, care resources, mentalities and cultures within Europe - the multinational character of the Lausanne Conference does not preclude the possibility that criteria may be customized to the context of a particular country.

References

  • 1 Brook R H, Chassin M, Fink A, Solomon D H, Kosecoff J, Park R E. A method for the detailed assessment of the appropriateness of medical technologies.  Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1986;  2 53-63
  • 2 Park R E, Fink A, Brook R H, Chassin M R, Kahn K L, Merrick N J, Kosecoff J, Solomon D H. Physician ratings of appropriate indications for six medical and surgical procedures.  Am J Public Health. 1986;  76 766-772
  • 3 Fink A, Kosecoff J, Chassin M, Brook R H. Consensus Methods: Characteristics and Guidelines for Use.  Am J Public Health. 1984;  74 979-983
  • 4 Vader J P, Burnand B, Froehlich F, Dupriez K, Larequi-Lauber T, Pache I, Dubois R W, Gonvers J J, Brook R H. Appropriateness of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Comparison of American and Swiss criteria.  Int J Health Care. 1997;  9 87-92
  • 5 Burnand B, Vader J P, Froehlich F, Dupriez K, Larequi-Lauber T, Pache I, Dubois R W, Brook R H, Gonvers J J. Reliability of panel based guidelines for colonoscopy: an international comparison.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  47 162-166
  • 6 Froehlich F, Burnand B, Pache I, Vader J P, Fried M, Schneider C, Kosecoff J, Kolodny M, Dubois R W, Brook R H, et al. Overuse of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a country with open-access endoscopy: a prospective study in primary care.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;  45 13-19
  • 7 Froehlich F, Pache I, Burnand B, Vader J P, Fried M, Kosecoff J, Kolodny M, Dubois R W, Brook R H, Gonvers J J. Underutilization of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.  Gastroenterology. 1997;  112 690-697
  • 8 Froehlich F, Pache I, Burnand B, Vader J P, Fried M, Beglinger C, Stalder G, Gyr K, Thorens J, Schneider C, et al. Performance of panel-based criteria to evaluate the appropriateness of colonoscopy: a prospective study.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 128-136
  • 9 Froehlich F, Burnand B, Vader J P, Gonvers J J. Endoscopies: Too Many and Not Enough!.  Endoscopy. 1997;  29 652-654
  • 10 Vader J P, Burnand B, Froehlich F, Dubois R W, Bochud M, Gonvers J J. The European Panel on Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (EPAGE): Project and Methods.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 572-578
  • 11 Jadad A R. Randomised controlled trials: A user's guide.  London; BMJ Books 1998
  • 12 Hicks N R. Some observations on attempts to measure appropriateness of care.  BMJ. 1994;  309 730-733
  • 13 Shekelle P G, Kahan J P, Bernstein S J, Leape L L, Kamberg C J, Park R E. The Reproducibility of a Method to Identify the Overuse and Underuse of Medical Procedures.  N Engl J Med. 1998;  338 1888-1895
  • 14 Froehlich F, Bochud M, Gonvers J J, Dubois R W, Vader J P, Wietlisbach V, Burnand B. Appropriateness of gastroscopy: Dyspepsia.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 579-595
  • 15 Bochud M, Gonvers J J, Vader J P, Dubois R W, Burnand B, Froehlich F. Appropriateness of gastroscopy: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 596-603
  • 16 Bochud M, Gonvers J J, Vader J P, Dubois R W, Burnand B, Froehlich F. Appropriateness of gastroscopy: Barrett's esophagus.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 604-610
  • 17 Vader J P, Larequi-Lauber T, Froehlich F, Burnand B, Dubois R W, Gonvers J J. Appropriateness of gastroscopy: Atypical chest pain.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 611-614
  • 18 De Bosset V, Gonvers J J, Froehlich F, Dubois R W, Burnand B, Vader J P. Appropriateness of gastroscopy: Bleeding and dysphagia.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 615-622
  • 19 Gonvers J J, De Bosset V, Vader J P, Dubois R W, Burnand B, Froehlich F. Appropriateness of gastroscopy: Risk factors for gastric cancer.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 623-626
  • 20 De Bosset V, Gonvers J J, Burnand B, Dubois R W, Vader J P, Froehlich F. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Iron-deficiency anemia.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 627-630
  • 21 Gonvers J J, De Bosset V, Froehlich F, Dubois R W, Burnand B, Vader J P. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Hemotochezia.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 631-636
  • 22 De Bosset V, Gonvers J J, Vader J P, Dubois R W, Burnand B, Froehlich F. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Lower abdominal pain or constipation.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 637-640
  • 23 Gonvers J J, Bochud M, Burnand B, Froehlich F, Dubois R W, Vader J P. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Diarrhea.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 641-646
  • 24 Froehlich F, Larequi-Lauber T, Gonvers J J, Dubois R W, Burnand B, Vader J P. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Inflammatory bowel disease.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 647-653
  • 25 Bochud M, Burnand B, Froehlich F, Dubois R W, Vader J P, Gonvers J J. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Surveillance after polypectomy.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 654-663
  • 26 Bochud M, Burnand B, Froehlich F, Dubois R W, Vader J P, Gonvers J J. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Surveillance after curative resection of colorectal cancer.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 664-672
  • 27 Burnand B, Bochud M, Froehlich F, Dubois R W, Vader J P, Gonvers J J. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: Screening for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic individuals.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 673-683
  • 28 Kahan J P, Bernstein S J, Leape L L, Hilborne L H, Park E, Parker L, Kamberg C J, Brook R H. Measuring the Necessity of Medical Procedures.  Med Care. 1994;  32 357-365
  • 29 Dubois R W, Lim D, Hebert P, Sherwood M, Growe G H, Hardy J F, Park P E, Waddell J P. The Development of indications for the Preoperative Use of Recombinant Erythropoietin.  Canadian Journal of Surgery. 1998;  41 351-365
  • 30 Haines A, Feder G. Guidance on guidelines. Writing them is easier than making them work.  Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1992;  305 785-786
  • 31 Grimshaw J, Russell I. Achieving health gain through clinical guidelines. I: Developing scientifically valid guidelines.  Qual Health Care. 1993;  2 243-248
  • 32 Grimshaw J M, Russell I T. Achieving health gain through clinical guidelines II: Ensuring guidelines change medical practice.  Qual Health Care. 1994;  3 45-52
  • 33 Kosecoff J, Kanouse D E, Rogers W H, McCloskey L, Winslow C M, Brook R H. Effects of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Program on Physician Practice.  JAMA. 1987;  258 2708-2713
  • 34 Karuza J, Calkins E, Feather J, Hershey C O, Katz L, Majeroni B. Enhancing Physician Adoption of Practice Guidelines.  Arch Intern Med. 1995;  155 625-632
  • 35 Brook R H. Practice guidelines and practicing medicine: are they compatible?.  JAMA. 1989;  262 3027-3030
  • 36 Lomas J, Enkin M, Anderson G M, Hannah W J, Vayda E, Singer J. Opinion leaders vs audit and feedback to implement practice guidelines.  JAMA. 1991;  265 2202-2207
  • 37 Audet A-M, Greenfield S, Field M. Medical Practice Guidelines: Current Activities and Future Directions.  Ann Intern Med. 1990;  113 709-714
  • 38 Wyatt J. Computer-based knowledge systems.  Lancet. 1991;  338 1431-1436
  • 39 Forrest D, Hoskins A, Hussey R. Clinical guidelines and their implementation.  Postgrad Med. 1996;  72 19-22
  • 40 Safran C, Rind D M, Davis R B, Ives D, Sands D Z, Currier J, Slack W V, Cotton D J, Makadon H J. Effects of a knowledge-based electronic patient record and adherence to practice guidelines.  MD Computing. 1996;  13 55-63
  • 41 Lobach D F, Hammond W E. Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Assisted Management Protocol (CAMP): Improved Compliance with Care Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1994: 787-791
  • 42 Lowe H J, Lomax E C, Polonkey S E. The World Wide Web: A Review of an Emerging Internet-based Technology for the Distribution of Medical Information.  J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1996;  3 1-14
  • 43 Kahn K L, Kosecoff J, Chassin M R, Solomon D H, Brook R H. The use and misuse of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.  Ann Intern Med. 1988;  109 664-670
  • 44 Minoli G, Prada A, Gambetta G, Formenti A, Schalling R, Lai L, Pera A. The ASGE guidelines for the appropriate use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in an open access system.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1995;  42 387-389
  • 45 Froehlich F, Burnand B, Pache I, Vader J P, Fried M, Kosecoff J, Kolodny M, Dubois R W, Brook R H, Gonvers J J. Overuse of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a country with open-access endoscopy.  Gastroenterology. 1996;  110 A17
  • 46 Brook R H, Park R E, Chassin M R, Solomon D H, Keesey J, Kosecoff J. Predicting the appropriate use of carotid endarterectomy, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and coronary angiography.  N Engl J Med. 1990;  323 1173-1177
  • 47 Chassin M R, Kosecoff J, Park R E, Winslow C M, Kahn K L, Merrick N J, Keesey J, Fink A, Solomon D H, Brook R H. Does Inappropriate use explain geographic variations in the use of Health Care Services? A study of three procedures.  JAMA. 1987;  258 2533-2537
  • 48 Axon A TR, Bell G D, Jones R H, Quine M A, McCloy R F. Guidelines on appropriate indications for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.  BMJ. 1995;  310 853-856
  • 49 Quine M A, McCloy R F, Devlin B H, Hopkins A. Appropriate use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy - a prospective audit.  Gut. 1994;  35 1209-1214
  • 50 Seematter-Bagnoud L, Vader J P, Wietlisbach V, Froehlich F, Gonvers J J, Burnand B. Overuse and underuse of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in various clinical settings. Int J Qual Health Care 1999: in press
  • 51 Minoli G, Prada A, Rocca F, et al. Appropriate use of colonoscopy in an open-access system (Abstract). Gastrointest Endosc 1995: 325
  • 52 Mahajan R J, Barthel J S, Marshall J B. Appropriateness of Referrals for Open-Access Endoscopy. How do physicians in different medical specialties do?.  Arch Intern Med. 1996;  156 2065-2069
  • 53 Pache I, Froehlich F, Schneider C, et al. Underuse and overuse of colonoscopy in primary care (Abstract).  Gastroenterology. 1997;  112 A34
  • 54 Jeannot J G, Vader J P, Porchet F, Larequi-Lauber T, Burnand B. Can the decision to operate be judged retrospectively? A study of medical records.  European Journal of Surgery. 1999;  165 516-521
  • 55 Caplan R A, Posner K L, Cheney F W. Effect of outcome on physician judgments of appropriateness of care.  JAMA. 1991;  265 1957-1960
  • 56 Lohr K N. Outcome Measurement: Concept and Questions.  Inquiry. 1988;  25 37-50
  • 57 Wofford J L, Moran W P, Drazen E, Metzger J, Stasior D, Little A, Greco P J, Eisenberg J M. Changing Physicians' Behavior.  N Engl J Med. 1994;  330 435-436
  • 58 Greco P J, Eisenberg J M. Changing physicians' practices.  N Engl J Med. 1993;  329 1271-1274
  • 59 Davis D A, Taylor-Vaisey A. Translating guidelines into practice. A systematic review of theoretic concepts, practical experience and research evidence in the adoption of clinical practice guidelines.  Can Med Assoc J. 1997;  157 408-416
  • 60 Sullivan F, Mitchell E. Has general practitioner computing made a difference to patient care? A systematic review of published reports.  BMJ. 1995;  311 848-852
  • 61 Grimshaw J, Freemantle N, Wallace S, Russell I, Hurwitz B, et al. Developing and implementing clinical practice guidelines.  Qual Health Care. 1995;  4 55-64
  • 62 Grimshaw J M, Russell I T. Effect of clinical guidelines on medical practice: a systematic review of rigorous evaluations (see comments).  Lancet. 1993;  342 1317-1322
  • 63 Naylor C D. What is appropriate care?.  N Engl J Med. 1998;  338 1918-1920

Dr. John-Paul Vader

IUMSP

Bugnon 17

CH-1005 Lausanne

Switzerland

Phone: + 41-21-3144954

Email: John-Paul.Vader@hospvd.ch

    >