Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Flavonoids and a New Flavanone from the Root of Limonium sinense

Abstract

From the root of Limonium sinense (Girard) Ktze a new (2R,3S)-3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyflavanone was isolated and named isodihydrosyringetin (3), together with nine other known compounds, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (1), samarangenin B (2), myricetin (4), myricetin 3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (5), quercetin 3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (6), (-)-epigallocatechin (7), gallic acid (8), N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (9), and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (10). All of them were examined for their inhibitory effects on herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) replication in Vero cells. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent inhibitory activities in HSV-1 replication. Comparison of the IC₅₀ values indicated that compounds 1 and 2 had higher inhibitory activities than the positive control acyclovir (38.6 ± 2.6 vs. 55.4 ± 5.3 μM, P < 0.001; 11.4 ± 0.9 vs. 55.4 ± 5.3 μM, P < 0.0005). Cytotoxicity was unlikely involved because no cell deaths were observable in the Vero cells following 5 day treatments with compound 1 or 2.

Key words

Limonium sinense - Plumbaginaceae - isodihydrosyringetin - herpes simplex virus type-1 - inhibition

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