Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2002; 23(1): 28-32
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-19268
Training and Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

The Efficacy of Ergometry Determined Heart Rates for Flatwater Kayak Training

K.  A.  van Someren1 , J.  E.  Oliver2
  • 1 School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, England
  • 2 University College Worcester, England
Further Information

Publication History

April 4, 2001

Publication Date:
20 December 2001 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of incremental ergometry determined heart rate training intensities for the control of kayak ergometer and open water kayak training. Eight well-trained male kayakers completed a maximal incremental exercise test on an air-braked kayak ergometer for the determination of LT1 (the power output at which blood lactate concentration increased by ≥ 1 mmol × L-1), the associated heart rate (HR-LT1), V˙O2peak, maximal heart rate and maximal aerobic power. Subjects then performed 20 min trials of kayak ergometry (E), open water kayaking in a single kayak (K1) and open water kayaking in a four-seat kayak (K4) at HR-LT1. During the three trials, heart rate was continuously measured, and blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and stroke rate were determined every 5 min. In all trials, exercise at HR-LT1 resulted in stable blood lactate concentrations and a stable RPE. Comparison of the three trials demonstrated that the only difference was for RPE, which was lower in (K4) than in (E), (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that the prescription of HR-LT1 elicits similar blood lactate concentrations during kayak ergometer and open water kayak training in both single and team boats.

Key words

Lactate threshold · kayak ergometry · training prescription.

References

  • 1 Beneke R, von Duvillard S P. Determination of maximal lactate steady state response in selected sports events.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;  28 241-246
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Beneke R, Hutler M, Leithauser R M. Maximal lactate-steady-state independent of performance.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;  32 1135-1139
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bishop D, Jenkins D G, Mackinnon L T. The relationship between plasma lactate parameters, Wpeak and 1 h cycling performance in women.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;  30 1270-1275
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Boulay M R, Simoneau J A, Lortie G, Bouchard C. Monitoring high-intensity endurance exercise with heart rate and thresholds.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;  29 125-132
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Borg G AV. Perceived exertion: a note on “history” and methods.  Med Sci Sports. 1973;  5 90-93
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bunc V, Heller J, Leso J, Sprynarova S, Zdanowicz R. Ventilatory threshold in various groups of highly trained athletes.  Int J Sports Med. 1987;  8 275-280
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Bunc V, Heller J. Ventilatory threshold and work efficiency on a bicycle and paddling ergometer in top canoeists.  J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1991;  31 376-379
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Bunc V, Heller J. Ventilatory threshold and work efficiency during exercise on cycle and paddling ergometers in young female kayakists.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1994;  68 25-29
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Byrnes W C, Kearney J T. Aerobic and anaerobic contributions during simulated canoe/kayak events (Abstract).  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;  29 S220
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Coen B, Schwarz L, Urhausen A, Kindermann W. Control of training in middle- and long-distance running by means of the individual anaerobic threshold.  Int J Sports Med. 1991;  12 519-524
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Coyle E F, Coggan A R, Hemmert M K, Walters T J. Glycogen usage and performance relative to lactate threshold.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984;  16 120-121
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Dal Monte A, Faccini P, Colli R. Canoeing. In: Shephard RJ, Astrand PO (eds) Endurance in Sport. Oxford; Blackwell Scientific Publications 1993: 550-562
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Denis C, Fouquet R, Poty P, Geyssant A, Lacour J R. Effects of 40 weeks of endurance training on the anaerobic threshold.  Int J Sports Med. 1982;  3 208-214
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Endicott W T. The Barton Mold: A Study in Sprint Kayaking. New York; United States Canoe and Kayak Team 1995
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Foster C, Fitzgerald D J, Spatz P. Stability of the blood lactate-heart rate relationship in competitive athletes.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;  31 578-582
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Gilman M B, Wells C L. The use of heart rate to monitor exercise intensity in relation to metabolic variables.  Int J Sports Med. 1993;  14 339-344
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Gilman M B. The use of heart rate to monitor the intensity of endurance training.  Sports Med. 1996;  2 73-79
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Hughes E F, Turner S C, Brooks G A. Effects of glycogen depletion and pedalling speed on “anaerobic threshold”.  J Appl Physiol. 1982;  52 1598-1607
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Karvonen J, Vuorimaa T. Heart rate and exercise intensity during sports activities. Practical application.  Sports Med. 1988;  5 303-312
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kendall S J, Sanders R H. The technique of elite flatwater kayak paddlers using the wing paddle.  Int J Sport Biomech. 1992;  8 233-250
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Leger L, Thivierge M. Heart rate monitors: validity, stability and functionality.  Physician Sportsmed. 1988;  16 143-151
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Romer L M, Godfrey R, van Someren K A. Critical power as a determinant for establishing maximum lactate steady-state in elite kayakers (Abstract).  J Sports Sci. 1998;  16 60-61
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Shephard R J. Science and medicine of canoeing and kayaking.  Sports Med. 1987;  4 19-33
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Stegmann H, Kindermann W. Comparison of prolonged exercise tests at the individual anaerobic threshold and the fixed anaerobic threshold of 4 mmol × l-1 lactate.  Int J Sports Med. 1982;  3 105-110
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Tesch P, Piehl K, Wilson G, Karlsson J. Physiological investigations of Swedish elite canoe competitors.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1976;  8 214-218
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Toro A. Canoeing: an Olympic sport. California; Olympian Graphics 1986
    Google Scholar
  • 27 van Someren K A, Dunbar G MJ. An investigation into the use of a kayak ergometer for the determination of blood lactate profiles in international kayakers (Abstract).  J Sports Sci. 1996;  14 102
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 van Someren K A, Phillips G RW, Palmer G S. Comparison of physiological responses to open water kayaking and kayak ergometry.  Int J Sports Med. 2000;  21 200-204
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Yoshida T, Suda Y, Takeuchi N. Endurance training regimen based upon arterial blood lactate: effects on anaerobic threshold.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1982;  49 223-230
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Zhou S, Robson S J, King M J, Davie A J. Correlations between short-course triathlon performance and physiological variables determined in laboratory cycle and treadmill tests.  J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1997;  37 122-130
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Dr. K. van Someren

School of Life Sciences · Kingston University

Penrhyn Road · Kingston upon Thames · Surrey KT1 2EE · United Kingdom ·

Phone: +44 (20) 8547 7482

Fax: +44 (20) 8547 7562

Email: k.vansom@kingston.ac.uk

      >