Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2006; 27(6): 475-482
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865837
Training & Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effects of Two Types of Fatigue on the V·O2 Slow Component

G. Deley1 , G. Y. Millet2 , F. Borrani3 , G. Lattier1 , L. Brondel4
  • 1INSERM/ERIT-M 0207 - Motricité et Plasticité, UFR STAPS, Dijon, France
  • 2Unité PPEH, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
  • 3Institut des Sciences du Sport et de l'Education physique, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 4UMR - CNRS 5170 - Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût, Dijon, France
Further Information

Publication History

Accepted after revision: June 4, 2005

Publication Date:
30 August 2005 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of the involvement of type II fibres in the V·O2 slow component phenomenon by using two prior fatiguing protocols on the knee extensor muscles. Nine subjects performed three constant-load cycling exercises at a work rate corresponding to 80 % of their V·O2 max: (i) preceded by a 20-min fatiguing protocol using electromyostimulation (EMS), (ii) preceded by a 20-min fatiguing protocol using voluntary contractions (VOL), and (iii) without fatiguing protocol (NFP). Voluntary and evoked neuromuscular properties of the knee extensor muscles were tested before (PRE) and after (POST) the two fatiguing protocols. Results show a significant reduction in voluntary force after both fatiguing protocols (- 19.9 % and - 11.8 %, in EMS and VOL, respectively p < 0.01). After EMS, this decrease was greater than after VOL (p < 0.05) and was combined with a slackening of muscle contractile properties which was absent after VOL (p < 0.05). Regarding the effects on oxygen uptake kinetics, the appearance of the slow component was delayed after EMS and its amplitude was lower than those obtained in VOL and NFP conditions (0.48 ± 0.07 vs. 0.75 ± 0.09 and 0.69 ± 0.08 L · min-1, respectively; p < 0.05). It can thus be concluded that exercises dedicated to preferentially fatiguing type II fibres may alter V·O2 kinetics.

Key words

Fiber recruitment - oxygen uptake kinetics - fatiguing exercise

References

  • 1 Allen D G, Westerblad H, Lee J A, Lannergren J. Role of excitation-contraction coupling in muscle fatigue.  Sports Med. 1992;  13 116-126
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Barstow T J, Mole P A. Linear and nonlinear characteristics of oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1991;  71 2099-2106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Barstow T J, Jones A M, Nguyen P H, Casaburi R. Influence of muscle fiber type and pedal frequency on oxygen uptake kinetics of heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1996;  81 1642-1450
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Bearden S E, Moffatt R J. VO(2) kinetics and the O(2) deficit in heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 2000;  88 1407-1412
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Borrani F, Candau R, Millet G Y, Perrey S, Fuchslocher J, Rouillon J D. Is the V·O2 slow component dependent on progressive recruitment of fast-twitch fibers in trained runners?.  J Appl Physiol. 2001;  90 2212-2220
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Candau R, Belli A, Millet G Y, Georges D, Barbier B, Rouillon J D. Energy cost and running mechanics during a treadmill run to voluntary exhaustion in humans.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1998;  77 479-485
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Carter H, Williams C A, Jones A M, Doust J H. Oxygen uptake kinetics during treadmill running in children and adults.  J Physiol. 2000;  523 243P-244P
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Carter H, Pringle J S, Boobis L, Jones A M, Doust J H. Muscle glycogen depletion alters oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;  36 965-972
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Efron B, Tibshirani B J. An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York; Chapman and Hall 1993
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Enoka R M. Muscle strength and its development. New perspectives.  Sports Med. 1988;  6 146-168
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Enoka R M, Robinson G A, Kossev A R. Task and fatigue effects on low-threshold motor units in human hand muscle.  J Neurophysiol. 1989;  62 1344-1359
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Eriksson E, Haggmark T, Kiessling K H, Karlsson J. Effect of electrical stimulation on human skeletal muscle.  Int J Sports Med. 1981;  2 18-22
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Feiereisen P, Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Motor unit recruitment order during voluntary and electrically induced contractions in the tibialis anterior.  Exp Brain Res. 1997;  114 117-123
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Gaesser G A. Influence of endurance training and catecholamines on exercise V·O2 response.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;  26 1341-1346
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Gaesser G A, Poole D C. The slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in humans.  Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1996;  24 35-71
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Gandevia S C. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue.  Physiol Rev. 2001;  81 1725-1789
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Henneman E, Somjen G, Carpenter D O. Excitability and inhabitability of motoneurons of different sizes.  J Neurophysiol. 1965;  28 599-620
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Heyters M, Carpentier A, Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Twitch analysis as an approach to motor unit activation during electrical stimulation.  Can J Appl Physiol. 1994;  19 451-461
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Koga S, Shiojiri T, Kondo N, Barstow T J. Effect of increased muscle temperature on oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1997;  83 1333-1338
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Lexell J, Henriksson-Larsen K, Sjostrom M. Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscles. A study of cross-sections of whole m. vastus lateralis.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1983;  117 115-122
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Linnarson D. Dynamics of pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate changes at start and end of exercise.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1974;  415 1-68
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Merton P A. Voluntary strength and fatigue.  J Physiol. 1954;  123 553-564
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Obert P, Cleuziou C, Candau R, Courteix D, Lecoq A M, Guenon P. The slow component of O2 uptake kinetics during high-intensity exercise in trained and untrained prepubertal children.  Int J Sports Med. 2000;  21 31-36
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Paterson D H, Whipp B J. Asymmetries of oxygen uptake transients at the on- and offset of heavy exercise in humans.  J Physiol. 1991;  443 575-586
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Poole D C. Role of exercising muscle in slow component of V·O2.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;  26 1335-1340
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Poole D C, Gladden L B, Kurdak S, Hogan M C. L-(+)-lactate infusion into working dog gastrocnemius: no evidence lactate per se mediates V·O2 slow component.  J Appl Physiol. 1994;  76 787-792
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Poole D C, Schaffartzik W, Knight D R, Derion T, Kennedy B, Guy H J, Prediletto R, Wagner P D. Contribution of exercising legs to the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in humans.  J Appl Physiol. 1991;  71 1245-1260
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Roston W L, Whipp B J, Davis J A, Cunningham D A, Effros R M, Wasserman K. Oxygen uptake kinetics and lactate concentration during exercise in humans.  Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;  135 1080-1084
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Scheuermann B W, Hoelting B D, Noble M L, Barstow T J. The slow component of O(2) uptake is not accompanied by changes in muscle EMG during repeated bouts of heavy exercise in humans.  J Physiol. 2001;  531 245-256
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Sjostrom L, Schutz Y, Gudinchet F, Hegnell L, Pittet P G, Jequier E. Epinephrine sensitivity with respect to metabolic rate and other variables in women.  Am J Physiol. 1983;  24 E431-E442
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Shinohara M, Moritani T. Increase in neuromuscular activity and oxygen uptake during heavy exercise.  Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1992;  11 257-262
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Vanderthommen M, Depresseux J C, Bauvir P, Degueldre C, Delfiore G, Peters J M, Sluse F, Crielaard J M. A positron emission tomography study of voluntarily and electrically contracted human quadriceps.  Muscle Nerve. 1997;  20 505-507
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Vanderthommen M, Duteil S, Wary C, Raynaud J S, Leroy-Willig A, Crielaard J M, Carlier P G. A comparison of voluntary and electrically induced contractions by interleaved 1H- and 31P-NRMS in humans.  J Appl Physiol. 2003;  94 1012-1024
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Vollestad N K, Vaage O, Hermansen L. Muscle glycogen depletion patterns in type I and subgroups of type II fibers during prolonged severe exercise in man.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1984;  122 433-441
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Westerblad H, Allen D G, Lannergren J. Muscle fatigue: lactic acid or inorganic phosphate the major cause?.  News Physiol Sci. 2002;  17 17-21
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Whipp B J, Ward S A, Lamarra N, Davis J A, Wassermann K. Parameters of ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics during exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1982;  52 1506-1513
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Whipp B J. The slow component of O2 uptake kinetics during heavy exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;  26 1319-1326
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Zoladz J, Duda K, Majerczak J, Emmerich J, Domanski J. Pre-exercise acidification induced by ingestion of NH4Cl increases the magnitude of the slow component of VO2 kinetics in humans.  J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998;  49 443-455
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Gaëlle Deley

INSERM/ERIT-M 0207 - Motricité et plasticité
UFR STAPS · Campus Montmuzard

BP 27877

21078 Dijon Cedex

France

Phone: + 33380396762

Fax: + 33 3 80 39 67 02

Email: Gaelle.Deley@u-bourgogne.fr

      >