Parametrische biomedizinische Bildgebung - was macht die Qualität quantitativer radiologischer Verfahren aus?

Zusammenfassung

Quantitative parametrische Bildgebungsverfahren eröffnen qualitativ neue Perspektiven für die radiologische Bildgebung. Quantitative 2D-, 3D- und 4D- Darstellungsmöglichkeiten ergänzen sich mit parametrischen Darstellungen biologischer Gewebeeigenschaften und -funktionen und damit von Organeigenschaften. Dies ermöglicht die Interpretation radiologischer Daten aus einer biochemischen, biomechanischen oder physiologischen Perspektive. Durch die Quantifizierung werden Veränderungen nachweisbar, die visuell noch nicht erkennbar sind, was Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Früherkennung von Erkrankungen und bei einer empfindlicheren Therapiekontrolle eröffnet. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Möglichkeiten, welche die quantitative parametrische Bildgebung bietet, dargestellt und an beispielhaften Anwendungen erläutert. Ein besonders attraktives Anwendungsfeld, der Einsatz der Verfahren bei pharmakologischen Zulassungsstudien, wird dargestellt. Bewertungskriterien zur Qualität quantitativer Bildgebungsverfahren werden im Zusammenhang mit deren Grenzen und Möglichkeiten aufgeführt. Wenngleich quantitative parametrische Bildgebungsverfahren die etablierte qualitative Bildinterpretation nicht ersetzen, sondern ergänzen, so eröffnen sie doch damit potenziell verbesserte Möglichkeiten in der Diagnostik und Prognostik sowie insbesondere in der Verlaufskontrolle von Erkrankungen und ihrer Therapien.

Abstract

Quantitative parametric imaging approaches provide new perspectives for radiological imaging. These include quantitative 2D, 3D, and 4D visualization options along with the parametric depiction of biological tissue properties and tissue function. This allows the interpretation of radiological data from a biochemical, biomechanical, or physiological perspective. Quantification permits the detection of small changes that are not yet visually apparent, thus allowing application in early disease diagnosis and monitoring therapy with enhanced sensitivity. This review outlines the potential of quantitative parametric imaging methods and demonstrates this on the basis of a few exemplary applications. One field of particular interest, the use of these methods for investigational new drug application studies, is presented. Assessment criteria for judging the quality of quantitative imaging approaches are discussed in the context of the potential and the limitations of these methods. While quantitative parametric imaging methods do not replace but rather supplement established visual interpretation methods in radiology, they do open up new perspectives for diagnosis and prognosis and in particular for monitoring disease progression and therapy.

Key words

Molecular imaging - parametric imaging - functional imaging - therapy monitoring - early diagnosis - quantitative radiology

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