Download PDF
Radiologie up2date 2006; 6(4): 359-368
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944948
Neuroradiologie
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Der Hippokampus

The HippocampusH. Urbach1
  • 1Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
08 January 2007 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints All articles of this category

See also:

Der HippokampusNeuroradiologie Scan 2014; 04(04): 293-304
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1365400

Zusammenfassung

Die paarige Struktur Hippokampus ist für das Gedächtnis und im weiteren Sinne für das „Menschsein” von elementarer Bedeutung, seine In-vivo-Untersuchung erfolgt heute mit einer hochaufgelösten, „anatomisch orientierten” MR-Tomographie. Wichtigste Sequenzen sind koronare, 2 oder 3 mm dicke T2w oder FLAIR-TSE-Aufnahmen, die senkrecht zur Längsachse des Hippokampus verlaufen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden diagnostische „pitfalls” und Befunde bei den häufigsten Hippokampuserkrankungen dargestellt.

Abstract

The twin structure of the hippocampus is a vital importance for memory and “human being”, it is in vivo examined by anatomically oriented, high-resolution MRI. Important MR sequences are coronal, 2 or 3 mm thick, T2-weighted or Flair fast spin echo sequences which are set at an angle perpendicular to the length axis of the hippocampus. This review article focuses on diagnostic pitfalls and illustrates MR imaging findings of the most common diseases.

Key words

Hippocampus; Memory; Epilepsy; MRI; Hippocampal sclerosis; Ammon’s horn sclerosis

Literatur

  • 1 Lewis F T. The significance of the term hippocampus.  J Comp Neurol. 1923;  35 213
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Urbach H. Imaging of the epilepsies.  Eur Radiol. 2005;  15 494-500
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Träber F, Block W, Layer G, Bräucker G, Kretzer S, Hasan I, Schild H H. Determination of 1H relaxation times of water in human bone marrow by fat-suppressed Turbo Spin Echo in comparison to MR spectroscopic methods.  J Magn Reson Imag. 1996;  6 541-548
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Von Oertzen J, Urbach H, Blumcke I. et al . Time-efficient relaxometry of the entire hippocampus is feasible in temporal lobe epilepsy.  Neurology. 2002;  58 257-264
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Baulac M, De Grissac N, Hasboun D. et al . Hippocampal developmental changes in patients with partial epilepsy: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical aspects.  Ann Neurol. 1998;  44 223
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bernasconi N, Kinay D, Andermann F, Antel S, Bernasconi A. Analysis of shape and positioning of the hippocampal formation: an MRI study in patients with partial epilepsy and healthy controls. et al. Shape analysis in malformations of cortical development.  Brain. 2005;  128 2442-2452
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Blümcke I, Thom M, Wiestler O D. Ammon’s horn sclerosis: a maldevelopmental disorder associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.  Brain Pathol. 2002;  12 199-211
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Cendes F. Febrile seizures and mesial temporal sclerosis.  Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;  17 161-164
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Kobayashi E, Li M L, Lopes-Cendes I, Cendes F. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of hippocampal sclerosis in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.  Arch Neurol. 2002;  59 1891-1894
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Graus F, Delattre J Y, Antoine J C. et al . Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;  75 1135-1140
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Urbach H, Soeder B M, Jeub M, Klockgether T, Meyer B, Bien C G. Serial MRI of limbic encephalitis.  Neuroradiology. 2006;  48 380-386
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Urbach H, Hattingen J, von Oertzen J. et al . MRI in the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsies.  AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;  25 919-926
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Vincent A, Buckley C, Schott J M. et al . Potassium channel antibody-associated encephalopathy: a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of limbic encephalitis.  Brain. 2004;  127 701-712
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Söder B M, Urbach H, Elger C E, Bien C G, Beyenburg S. VGKC-antibody-associated limbic encephalitis.  Nervenarzt. 2005;  76 760-762
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Wyler A R, Hermann B P, Somes G. Extent of medial temporal resection on outcome from anterior temporal lobectomy: a randomized prospective study.  Neurosurgery. 1995;  37 982-991
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Hirsai T, Korogi Y, Yoshizumi Y, Shigematsu Y, Sugahara T, Takahashi M. Limbic lobe of the human brain: evaluation with turbo fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR imaging.  Radiology. 2000;  215 470-475
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Oppenheim C, Dormont D, Biondi A. et al . Loss of digitations of the hippocampal head on high-resolution fast spin-echo MR: a sign of mesial temporal sclerosis.  AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;  19 457-463
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Chan S, Erikson J, Yoon S. Limbic system abnormalities associated with mesial temporal sclerosis: a model of chronic cerebral changes due to seizures.  Radiographics. 1997;  17 1095-1110
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Insausti R, Juottonen K, Soininen H. et al . MR volumetric analysis of the human entorhinal, perirhinal, and temporopolar cortices.  AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;  19(4) 659-671
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Mitchell L A, Coleman L T, Mandelstam S A, Jackson G D. Anterior temporal changes on MR Images of Children with Hippocampal Sclerosis: An Effect of Seizures on the Immature Brain.  Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;  24 1670-1677
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Urbach H, Blümcke I, Becker A, Solymosi L. Störungen der kortikalen Entwicklung: Bildgebung und Klassifizierung.  Klin Neuroradiol. 2003;  13 163-172
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Fauser S, Schulze-Bonhage A, Honegger J. et al . Focal cortical dysplasias: surgical outcome in 67 patients in relation to histological subtypes and dual pathology.  Brain. 2004;  127 2406-2418
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Urbach H, Siebenhaar G, Koenig R, von Oertzen J, Scorzin J, Kurthen M, Schild H H. Limbic system abnormalities do not alter seizure outcome following amygdalohippocampectomy.  Epilepsia. 2005;  46 549-555
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Urbach H, Sassen R, Soeder B M, Flacke S, Becker A, Bien C G. Serial MRI in patients with acquired hippocampal sclerosis.  Clin Neurorad. 2006;  16 47-52
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Luyken C, Blümcke I, Fimmers R, Urbach H, Elger C E, Wiestler O D, Schramm J. The Spectrum of Long-term Epilepsy associated Tumors: Long-term Seizure and Tumor Outcome and Neurosurgical Aspects.  Epilepsia. 2003;  44 822-830
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Sedlaczek O, Hirsch J G, Grips E, Peters C N, Gass A, Wohrle J, Hennerici M. Detection of delayed focal MR changes in the lateral hippocampus in transient global amnesia.  Neurology. 2004;  62 2165
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Nakada T, Kwee I L, Fujii Y, Knigth R T. High-field, T2 reversed MRI of the hippocampus in transient global amnesia.  Neurology. 2005;  64 1170
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 van de Pol L A, Hensel A, Barkhof F, Gertz H J, Scheltens P, van der Flier W M. Hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer disease: age matters.  Neurology. 2006;  66 236-238
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Frisoni G B, Geroldi C, Beltramello A. et al . Radial width of the temporal horn: a sensitive measure in Alzheimer disease.  AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.. 2002;  23 35-47
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Urbach H, Klemm E, Linke D B, Behrends K, Biersack H J, Schramm J, Schild H H. Posterior cerebral artery Wada test: amobarbital distribution and functional deficits.  Neuroradiology. 2001;  43 290-294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

PD Dr. H. Urbach

Radiologische Klinik, Neuroradiologie

Universitätsklinikum Bonn · Sigmund Freud Str. 25 · 53105 Bonn

Phone: +49 228 287 6389

Fax: +49 228 287 4321

Email: urbach@uni-bonn.de

      >