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Endoscopy 1981; 13(2): 77-80
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1021652
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Orientation in Endoscopy

L. Ivan Epstein
  • Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 March 2008 (online)

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Summary

This paper is intended to help the beginner endoscopist learn to interpret the orientation of the object seen through the endoscope. This is applicable only to an endoscope with a reflecting (side view) prism at its distal end, such as a cystoscope. A proposed counterrotation device for turning the image upright is described.

Key words:

Orientation - Counterrotation

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