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Gastroenterologie up2date 2007; 3(2): 115-132
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966621
Leber/Galle/Pankreas

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms

Christa-Maria  Behrens, Wolfgang  E.  Fleig
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Publication Date:
06 July 2007 (online)

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Kernaussagen

Epidemiologie

  • Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom gehört weltweit zu den häufigsten malignen Tumorerkrankungen und gewinnt durch steigende Inzidenzraten auch in den westlichen Industrieländern an Bedeutung.

Risikofaktoren und Früherkennung

  • In den Risikogruppen der Patienten mit hochaktiver Virushepatitis B und C sowie mit einer Leberzirrhose jedweder Genese führt eine Überwachung durch halbjährliche Bestimmung des AFP und abdominellen Ultraschall zur frühzeitigeren Entdeckung kleiner HCC-Knoten und damit zu besseren Therapieoptionen.

Therapie

  • Die potenziell kurativen Therapieoptionen mit guter Prognose - wie chirurgische Resektion, Lebertransplantation und lokal ablative Therapie wie RFTA, PEI und TACE - stehen für den überwiegenden Teil der Patienten, bei denen die Erkrankung erst in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium diagnostiziert wird, nicht mehr zur Verfügung.

  • Unter einem palliativen Aspekt kann bei nicht zu großem Tumor, fehlenden Hinweisen für eine Gefäßinvasion sowie guter Leberfunktion die TACE lebensverlängernd wirken.

  • Darüber hinaus gibt es für Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem, multifokalem oder metastasiertem HCC trotz zahlreicher Studien zur systemischen Chemotherapie, Hormontherapie und Immunmodulation bisher keine etablierte Therapie mit gesicherter Wirksamkeit.

  • Eine besondere Herausforderung und Hoffnung liegt deshalb in der weiteren Erforschung der molekularen Pathogenese und entsprechender zielgerichteter Therapien, um auch Patienten in fortgeschrittenen Tumorstadien eine effiziente und verträgliche Behandlungsoption bieten zu können.

  • Grundsätzlich sollten Patienten mit HCC in allen Stadien wegen der Komplexität der oft interdisziplinären Therapieentscheidungen in Zentren vorgestellt und möglichst in Studien behandelt werden.

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Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang E. Fleig

Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR

Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27

04103 Leipzig

Email: wolfgang.fleig@uniklinik-leipzig.de

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