Die Rolle der körperlichen Aktivität in der Primär- und Tertiärprävention von Brustkrebs

Der Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und dem Risiko, an einem Mammakarzinom zu erkranken, ist inzwischen durch epidemiologische und Fall-Kontrollstudien gut belegt. Eine Risikoreduktion findet sich bei sportlich Aktiven um etwa 25–30 %. Dabei scheint eine Dauer von 30–60 Minuten pro Tag bei mittlerer Intensität notwendig zu sein. Eine einheitliche Aussage und abschließende Beurteilung, wie viel Sport / Bewegung tatsächlich erforderlich ist, kann aber aufgrund der aktuellen Daten und der methodischen Herausforderung, Bewegung zu messen, nicht getroffen werden. Auch in der Rehabilitation des Mammakarzinoms spielt körperliche Aktivität eine wichtige Rolle. Als gesichert kann der Effekt auf das Fatigue-Syndrom und die Lebensqualität angenommen werden; erste Studien zeigen allerdings auch Hinweise, dass das Überleben durch regelmäßige moderate Bewegung verlängert wird. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Mechanismen sowie die Empfehlungen in der Prävention und Rehabilitation des Mammakarzinoms zusammengestellt.

Abstract

Physical activity has been associated with lower risk of breast cancer. Epidemiological and case control studies have shown that risk is reduced 25 to 30 % in physically active women. It appears that 30–60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous exercise is necessary. Information on how much physical activity is necessary is not possible due to lack of data as well as methodological problems in measuring activity. The role of exercise in oncological rehabilitation has also been shown to reduce fatigue syndrome and increase quality of life; recently published studies show that physical activity after breast cancer diagnosis may reduce the risk of death from this disease. This article demonstrates the underlying mechanisms and offers recommendations for prevention and rehabilitation of breast cancer.

Stichworte:

Brustkrebs - Prävention - Rehabilitation - körperliche Aktivität - Mechanismen

Key words:

Breast cancer - prevention - rehabilitation - physical activity - mechanisms

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