Role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in the arterial vessel wall

Summary

Vitamin K was discovered early last century at the same time as the vitamin K-antagonists. For many years the role of vitamin K was solely ascribed to coagulation and coagulation was thought to be involved only at the venous blood side. This view has dramatically changed with the discovery of vitamin K-dependent proteins outside the coagulation cascade and the role of coagulation factors at the arterial side. Vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration, apoptosis, and calcification. Vascular calcification has become an important independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin K-antagonists induce inactivity of inhibitors of vascular calcification, leading to accelerated calcification. The involvement of vitamin K-dependent proteins such as MGP in vascular calcification make that calcification is amendable for intervention with high intake of vitamin K. This review focuses on the effect of vitamin K-dependent proteins in vascular disease.

Zusammenfassung

Vitamin K wurde im frühen vergangenen Jahrhundert zur gleichen Zeit wie die Vitamin K-Antagonisten entdeckt. Über Jahre wurde die Rolle von Vitamin K ausschließlich der Blutgerinnung zugeschrieben und man glaubte, dass sich die Koagulation nur auf der venösen Blutseite abspiele. Mit der Entdeckung Vitamin-K-abhängiger Proteine außerhalb der Gerinnungskaskade und der Bedeutung von Gerinnungsfaktoren auf der arteriellen Seite hat sich diese Sicht grundlegend geändert. Vitamin-K-abhängige Proteine sind an der Regulation der Migration glatter Gefäßmuskelzellen sowie an der Apoptose und Kalzifikation beteiligt. Vaskuläre Kalzifikation ist ein wichtiger unabhängiger Prognosefaktor für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Vitamin-KAntagonisten induzieren eine Inaktivität von Inhibitoren der vaskulären Kalzifikation und führen so zu beschleunigter Verkalkung. Die Beteiligung Vitamin-K-abhängiger Proteine wie MGP an der vaskulären Kalzifikation eröffnet eine Möglichkeit zur therapeutischen Intervention durch die Einnahme hoher Dosen Vitamin K. Das Thema dieses Reviews ist die Wirkung Vitamin-K-abhängiger Proteine auf vaskuläre Erkrankungen.

Keywords

Vitamin K - vitamin K-antagonists - MGP - vascular calcification

Schlüsselwörter

Vitamin K - Vitamin-K-Antagonisten - MGP - vaskuläre Kalzifikation

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