TY - JOUR AU - Fritz, Klaus; Salavastru, Carmen TI - Ways of Noninvasive Facial Skin Tightening and Fat Reduction SN - 0736-6825 SN - 1098-8793 PY - 2016 JO - Facial Plast Surg JF - Facial Plastic Surgery LA - EN VL - 32 IS - 03 SP - 276 EP - 282 DA - 2016/06/01 KW - HIFU KW - radiofrequency KW - ultrasound KW - tightening KW - body contouring AB - For skin tightening, ablative and nonablative lasers have been used with various parameters full or fractionated. Currently, other energy-based technologies have been developed such as radiofrequency (RF) from mono- to multipolar, microneedling RF, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. They heat up the tissue to a clinical endpoint. Temperatures above 42°C stimulate fibroblasts to produce more collagen and some technologies produce small coagulation points that allow to shrink and to tighten the tissue with less downtime or side effects. Alternative treatments not based on heat can be chemical peels from light to deep and microneedling without RF. PB - Thieme Medical Publishers DO - 10.1055/s-0036-1584214 UR - http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0036-1584214 ER -