TY - JOUR AU - José, Ricardo J.; Loebinger, Michael R. TI - Clinical and Radiological Phenotypes and Endotypes SN - 1069-3424 SN - 1098-9048 PY - 2021 JO - Semin Respir Crit Care Med JF - Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine LA - EN VL - 42 IS - 04 SP - 549 EP - 555 DA - 2021/07/14 KW - bronchiectasis KW - phenotype KW - endotype KW - radiology KW - exacerbations AB - Bronchiectasis is a heterogenous disease with multiple etiologies and associated comorbidities. As bronchiectasis is a complex disease, it is unsound to think of it as a single disease particularly when the differing etiologies are likely to be driving bronchiectasis through initial divergent molecular pathways, known as endotypes, that phenotypically present as the same disease due to protracted airway inflammation, but revealing potential differing underlying mechanisms that may have disparity of drug responses. Improved understanding of the cellular immune, inflammatory, and microbiological milieu associated with clinical and radiological features of bronchiectasis has resulted in the recognition of important endotypes and phenotypes that will allow for personalized treatments to improve quality of life and outcomes of patients with bronchiectasis. Here we discuss clinical and radiological phenotypes, as well as emerging molecular endotypes that are possible treatable traits in bronchiectasis. PB - Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. DO - 10.1055/s-0041-1730894 UR - http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0041-1730894 ER -