Download PDF
Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology 2016; 05(04): 253-255
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597659
Case Report
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart • New York

Iniencephalic Fetus Detected on Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Tugay Onal
1   Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
,
Guven Onur Afacan
1   Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
,
Yonca Anik
2   Department of Radiology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
,
Gur Akansel
2   Department of Radiology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

12 April 2016

13 August 2016

Publication Date:
26 December 2016 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Fetal iniencephaly is an uncommon neural tube anomaly characterized by fixed retroflexion of the head, an occipital defect, and cervicothoracic rachischisis. Polyhydramnios and elevated levels of α-fetoprotein are present in most cases. Fetal iniencephaly can be detected on antenatal ultrasonography. If undiagnosed prenatally, it may result in a difficult delivery as well a multitude of postnatal problems for both the patient and the family. Early antenatal diagnosis is therefore important. We present a case of iniencephaly detected on ultrasonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging.

Keywords

iniencephaly - fetal - magnetic resonance imaging - neural tube defect
 

  • References

  • 1 Kulkarni PR, Rao RV, Alur MB, Joshi SK. Iniencephaly clausus: a case report with review of literature. J Pediatr Neurosci 2011; 6 (2) 121-123
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Saint-Hilaire I. Iniencephalus. In: Baillière J, , ed. In Histoire Des Anomalies de l”Organisation. Vol. 2. Paris: Paris J.B. Baillière; 1836: 308-310
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Lewis HL. Iniencephalus. Am J Obs (Marseille) 1897; 35: 11-53
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Howkins J, Lawrie RS. Iniencephalus. J Obst Gynaec Brit Emp 1939; 46: 25-31
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Khatami A, Hasanzadeh M, Norouzi H, Esfandiari E, Mehrafarin M. Iniencephaly clausus: a new case with clinical and imaging findings. Iran J Radiol 2015; 12 (3) e4790 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.4790v2.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Nyberg D, McGahan J, Pretorius D, Pilu G. Iniencephaly. In: Diagnostic Imaging of Fetal Anomalies. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003: 315-316
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Joó JG, Beke A, Papp C, Szigeti Z, Csaba A, Papp Z. Major diagnostic and pathological features of iniencephaly based on twenty-four cases. Fetal Diagn Ther 2008; 24 (1) 1-6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Sahid S, Sepulveda W, Dezerega V, Gutierrez J, Rodriguez L, Corral E. Iniencephaly: prenatal diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20 (3) 202-205
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Pungavkar SA, Sainani NI, Karnik AS , et al. Antenatal diagnosis of iniencephaly: sonographic and MR correlation: a case report. Korean J Radiol 2007; 8 (4) 351-355
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Romero R, Pilu G, Jeanty P, Ghindi A, Hobbins J. Iniencephaly. In: Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1988: 65-67
    Google Scholar