Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1937-8186
Extrapulmonale Tuberkulose
Extrapulmonary tuberculosisDie extrapulmonale Tuberkulose ist in Deutschland eine seltene Erkrankung und stellt die Behandler*innen bei Diagnostik und Therapie immer wieder vor große Herausforderungen. In dieser Übersicht werden die extrapulmonalen Manifestationen der Tuberkulose vorgestellt sowie ihre Diagnostik und Therapie diskutiert.
Abstract
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The site of involvement can vary widely, with common sites including the lymph nodes, pleura, skin, ear, nose and throat, genitourinary system, pericardium, gastrointestinal tract, bones and joints, and central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary TB are diverse and often non-specific. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical suspicion, imaging, histopathology, and microbiology. Treatment of extrapulmonary TB generally follows similar principles to pulmonary TB, but the duration of treatment depends on the site of involvement and the extent of the disease. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential for the timely recognition and effective management of extrapulmonary TB cases.
-
Die extrapulmonale Tuberkulose ist weltweit eine häufige, in Deutschland jedoch eine seltene Erkrankung.
-
Durch hämatogene, lymphogene oder kontinuierliche Ausbreitung kann es zu einer Infektion aller Organe mit dem Mycobacterium tuberculosis kommen.
-
Die Lymphknotentuberkulose und die Pleuritis tuberculosa stellen die häufigsten extrapulmonalen Manifestationen der Tuberkulose dar.
-
Zur Diagnosesicherung sollte stets eine Probenentnahme mit Einsendung von ausreichend Nativmaterial zur mikroskopischen, molekulargenetischen und kulturellen mikrobiologischen Diagnostik eingesendet werden.
-
Die Therapiedauer ist von dem jeweiligen Manifestationsorgan der Tuberkulose abhängig.
Schlüsselwörter
Tuberkulose - extrapulmonal - Lymphknoten - Urogenital - Knochen - Diagnosik - TherapiePublication History
Article published online:
04 October 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Robert-Koch-Institut. Bericht zur Epidemiologie der Tuberkulose in Deutschland für 2021. Berlin: Robert Koch-Institut. 2022 Accessed July 05, 2023 at: https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/T/Tuberkulose/Download/TB2021.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
- 2 Schaberg T, Brinkmann F, Feiterna-Sperling C. et al. Tuberculosis in adulthood – The Sk2-Guideline of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis (DZK) and the German Respiratory Society (DGP) for the diagnosis and treatment of adult tuberculosis patients. Pneumologie 2022; 76 (11) 727-819 DOI: 10.1055/a-1934-8303. (PMID: 36384164)
- 3 Barr DA, Coussens AK, Irvine S. et al. Paradoxical upgrading reaction in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: association with vitamin D therapy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 21 (06) 677-683
- 4 Shaw JA, Diacon AH, Koegelenberg CFN. Tuberculous pleural effusion. Respirology 2019; 24 (10) 962-971 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13673. (PMID: 31418985)
- 5 Valdés L, Alvarez D, San José E. et al. Tuberculous pleurisy: a study of 254 patients. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158 (18) 2017-2021
- 6 Tang Y, Zhang J, Huang H. et al. Pleural IFN-γ release assay combined with biomarkers distinguished effectively tuberculosis from malignant pleural effusion. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19 (01) 55
- 7 Na F, Wang Y, Yang H. et al. Performance of adenosine deaminase in detecting paediatric pleural tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2022; 54 (01) 3129-3135 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2140452. (PMID: 36345981)
- 8 Soni A, Guliani A, Nehra K. et al. Insight into diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis with special focus on nucleic acid amplification tests. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16 (08) 887-906
- 9 Chen Q, Chen W, Hao F. Cutaneous tuberculosis: A great imitator. Clin Dermatol 2019; 37 (03) 192-199 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.01.008. (PMID: 31178102)
- 10 Hill MK, Sanders CV. Cutaneous Tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5 (01) DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0010-2016. (PMID: 28233513)
- 11 Puri N. A clinical and histopathological profile of patients with cutaneous tuberculosis. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56 (05) 550-552 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.87153. (PMID: 22121276)
- 12 Wong S, Rizvi H, Cerio R. et al. An unusual case of vulval papulonecrotic tuberculid. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36 (03) 277-280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03925.x. (PMID: 21418269)
- 13 de Sousa RT SBM, Nadaf de Lima LC, Siqueira de Carvalho R. et al. Frequency of Otorhinolaryngologies’ Manifestations in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Intl Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 14 (02) 156-162
- 14 Galietti F, Giorgis GE, Gandolfi G. et al. Examination of 41 cases of laryngeal tuberculosis observed between 1975–1985. Eur Respir J 1989; 2 (08) 731-732
- 15 Muneer A, Macrae B, Krishnamoorthy S. et al. Urogenital tuberculosis – epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16 (10) 573-598 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0228-9. (PMID: 31548730)
- 16 Ntsekhe M, Mayosi BM. Tuberculous pericarditis with and without HIV. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 18 (03) 367-373 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-012-9310-6. (PMID: 22427006)
- 17 Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N. et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63 (07) e147-e195 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw376. (PMID: 27516382)
- 18 Sanai FM, Bzeizi KI. Systematic review: tuberculous peritonitis--presenting features, diagnostic strategies and treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22 (08) 685-700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02645.x. (PMID: 16197489)
- 19 Tao L, Ning HJ, Nie HM. et al. Diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase in ascites for tuberculosis ascites: a meta-analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 79 (01) 102-107 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.12.010. (PMID: 24629577)
- 20 Brehm TT, Schmiedel S, Lohse AW. Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis by mini-laparoscopy. Infection 2022; 50 (04) 1049-1050 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01800-3. (PMID: 35304694)
- 21 Chow KM, Chow VC, Szeto CC. Indication for peritoneal biopsy in tuberculous peritonitis. Am J Surg 2003; 185 (06) 567-573 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(03)00079-5. (PMID: 12781888)
- 22 Rathi P, Gambhire P. Abdominal Tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India 2016; 64 (02) 38-47 (PMID: 27730779)
- 23 Kedia S, Das P, Madhusudhan KS. et al. Differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25 (04) 418-432
- 24 Pigrau-Serrallach C, Rodríguez-Pardo D. Bone and joint tuberculosis. Eur Spine J 2013; 22 (Suppl. 04) 556-666 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2331-y. (PMID: 22711012)
- 25 De Vuyst D, Vanhoenacker F, Gielen J. et al. Imaging features of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Eur Radiol 2003; 13 (08) 1809-1819 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-002-1609-6. (PMID: 12942283)
- 26 Jung NY, Jee WH, Ha KY. et al. Discrimination of tuberculous spondylitis from pyogenic spondylitis on MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 182 (06) 1405-1410
- 27 Kent SJ, Crowe SM, Yung A. et al. Tuberculous meningitis: a 30-year review. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17 (06) 987-994 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/17.6.987. (PMID: 8110957)
- 28 Sinner SW. Approach to the diagnosis and management of tuberculous meningitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2010; 12 (04) 291-298 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-002-0025-z. (PMID: 12126609)
- 29 Marx GE, Chan ED. Tuberculous meningitis: diagnosis and treatment overview. Tuberc Res Treat 2011; 2011: 798764 DOI: 10.1155/2011/798764. (PMID: 22567269)
- 30 DeLance AR, Safaee M, Oh MC. et al. Tuberculoma of the central nervous system. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20 (10) 1333-1341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.01.008. (PMID: 23768968)
- 31 Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Gupta R. Spinal cord involvement in tuberculous meningitis. Spinal Cord 2015; 53 (09) 649-657 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000404. (PMID: 25621686)
- 32 Gupta R, Garg RK, Jain A. et al. Spinal cord and spinal nerve root involvement (myeloradiculopathy) in tuberculous meningitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94 (03) e404 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000404. (PMID: 25621686)
- 33 Khan FY. Review of literature on disseminated tuberculosis with emphasis on the focused diagnostic workup. J Family Community Med 2019; 26 (02) 83-91 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_106_18. (PMID: 31143078)
- 34 Sharma SK, Mohan A. Miliary Tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5 (02) DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0013-2016. (PMID: 28281441)
- 35 Basu Roy R, Whittaker E, Seddon JA. et al. Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children. Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 19 (03) e96-e108