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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240(06): 783-794
DOI: 10.1055/a-2073-8478
DOI: 10.1055/a-2073-8478
Übersicht/Review
Iatrogene Keratektasie nach refraktiver Chirurgie – Ursachen, Prophylaxe, Therapie
Artikel in mehreren Sprachen: deutsch | English
Zusammenfassung
Bei der iatrogenen Keratektasie kommt es bei initial gutem Visus nach refraktivchirurgischen Lasereingriffen zu einer progressiven Myopisierung mit irregulärem Astigmatismus infolge einer zunehmenden Vorwölbung der Hornhaut. Bekannte Risikofaktoren sind u. a. ein zu dünnes postoperativ verbleibendes Stromabett, ein dickerer Flap oder präoperativ unerkannte Anzeichen für einen bereits bestehenden subklinischen Keratokonus. Die Rate postrefraktiver Ektasien bei Augen ohne erkennbare präoperative Risikofaktoren beträgt 20 pro 100 000 Augen bei PRK, 90 pro 100 000 Augen bei LASIK und 11 pro 100 000 Augen bei SMILE. Die klassischen Screening-Tools auf präoperative Risiken beinhalten das „Ectasia Risk Score System“ (ERSS) und „Percentage of Tissue Alteration“ (PTA). Modernere Methoden umfassen neben KI-Methoden für die Datenanalyse auch Einzelschichttomografie mit Epithelkartierung. Die Therapie erfolgt mit Kontaktlinsen, Crosslinking, der Implantation intrakornealer Ringsegmente, perforierenden oder lamellären Keratoplastiken und in ersten Studien durch die Implantation von Hornhautlentikeln.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 27. November 2022
Angenommen: 05. April 2023
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. Juni 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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