Funktionelle, radiologische und endoskopische Diagnostik trachealer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Erkrankungen der Trachea sind selten, während andere Erkrankungen, die mit Luftnot und pulmonalen Symptomen einhergehen, häufig sind, weshalb die notwendige Diagnostik und Therapie regelhaft verzögert wird. Gleichzeitig reicht die Spanne der Erkrankungen von einfachen narbigen Stenosen bis zu ausgedehnten Tumorerkrankungen. Die Patienten können ansonsten gesund sein, an einer Autoimmunerkrankung leiden bzw. schwere Allgemeinerkrankungen, wie bei tracheotomierten Patienten, aufweisen. Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung bringen deshalb sehr wichtige Hinweise auf eine Erkrankung der Trachea. Die nachfolgende Diagnostik sollte sinnvoll angeordnet werden und zeitgerecht zur richtigen Diagnose und der daraus folgenden Therapie führen. Funktionelle, radiologische und endoskopische Untersuchungen mit jeweils speziellen Schwerpunkten in erfahrener Hand vermeiden Doppeluntersuchungen oder Fehlinterpretationen. Die Patienten sind dankbar, da die Erkrankungen der Trachea als zentraler, nicht umgehbarer Atemweg als lebensbedrohlich oder zumindest als die Lebensqualität stark einschränkend erlebt werden.

Abstract

Diseases of the trachea are rare, while other diseases associated with shortness of breath and pulmonary symptoms are common, which is why the necessary diagnosis and therapy are regularly delayed. At the same time, diseases range from simple scarring stenosis to extensive tumour disease. Patients may be otherwise healthy, suffer from autoimmune disease, or have severe general illnesses, as in tracheotomised patients. Therefore, history and clinical examination provide very important clues to a disease of the trachea. Subsequent diagnostics should be ordered in a reasonable manner and lead to the correct diagnosis and subsequent therapy in a timely manner. Functional, radiological and endoscopic examinations, each with a special focus in experienced hands, avoid duplicate examinations or misinterpretations. Patients are grateful because diseases of the trachea – a central airway that cannot be bypassed – are experienced as life-threatening or at least as severely limiting the quality of life.

Schlüsselwörter

Bronchoskopie - Trachea - Spirometrie - Thoraxchirurgie - Computertomografie

Keywords

bronchoscopy - trachea - spirometry - thoracic surgery - computer tomography

Publication History

Received: 19 September 2023

Accepted after revision: 13 November 2023

Article published online:
06 December 2023

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