LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP AFTER EUS-GUIDED GALLBLADDER DRAINAGE FOR ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS, USING USING HOT AXIOS SYSTEM

Aims:

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a serious condition, especially in elderly patients, requiring urgent treatment. Surgery is the standard option, while EUS-guided gallbladder drainage is an emerging alternative strategy as definitive treatment, in poor surgical candidates. To overcome some limitations of past techniques, a novel endoscopic device containing a lumen-apposing metal stent with an electrocautery (ECE-LAMS) has been developed (Hot Axios System, Boston Scientific, USA).

Methods:

We report a single-centre experience of 5 high risk patients (mean age: 90 years, range 81 – 98), male/female: 2/3, with AC treated with ECE-LAMS.

Results:

Stent placement was technically successful in 4 of 5 patients (80%). Endoscopic approach was transgastric in 1 patient and through the duodenum in 3 cases. 10 × 10-mm stent was placed in 2 patients, 15 × 10-mm stent in the others. Access to gallbladder was obtained directly with the device; release of the first flange of the stent was performed under EUS-guide, while the second under endoscopic view, overall without fluoroscopic assistance. Total mean procedural time was 18 min (range 8 – 41), whereas the mean stent deployment time was 3 min (range 2 – 5). In the failure case, inability to release the distal flange of the stent inside the gallbladder occurred, resulting in perforation. The proximal flange was released in the stomach and then removed with a snare; the gastric leakage was repaired using over-the-scope clip and patient underwent to cholecystectomy. The technical failure seemed to be caused by hard approach to gallbladder, either by stomach and duodenum, and by its wall thickness, as shown in the surgical specimen. Resolution of AC was observed in all patients with technically successful stent placement. 3 of them were discharge home within 1 week (mean length of hospitalization after the procedure: 3 days, range 2 – 5 days),1 was transferred from intensive care unit to long-term care unit 8 days after the exam. The mean follow-up was 204 days (range 90 – 485), without complications.

Conclusions:

This novel device for poor surgical patients with AC is safe, effective, with high technical and clinical success rate. However, it remains a challenging procedure also in expert hands. Further studies are needed to confirm these promising initial experience.