Pyroverbot Silvester 2020 & 2021 – Analyse von feuerwerksbedingten Verletzungen der letzten 12 Jahre

Zusammenfassung

Zum Jahreswechsel kommt es in Deutschland zu Verletzungen durch Feuerwerkskörper. Das Gehör betreffend werden Knall- (KT) und Explosionstrauma (ET) unterschieden. Die Studie untersucht Prävalenz und Charakteristika von feuerwerksbedingten Verletzungen und die Auswirkungen des aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie verordneten Pyroverbots an Silvester 2020/21 und 2021/22 im Vergleich zum 10-Jahres-Zeitraum vor der Pandemie.

Eine retrospektive Untersuchung von Patienten, die sich mit den Diagnosen KT (H83.3) oder ET (T70.8) in den letzten 12 Jahren in den Rettungsstellen der Charité vom 28.12. bis zum 05.01. vorstellten, wurde durchgeführt.

Es wurden 276 Patienten erfasst, die zu 77% männlich waren. Jeweils ein Drittel waren der Altersgruppe 10–19 und 20–29 Jahre zuzuordnen. 21% der Patienten wurden stationär aufgenommen. Es kam in 67% zu einem isolierten KT des Ohres, in 11% zu Hand-, in 8% zu Kopf- und in 4% zu Augenverletzungen. Bei 87% kam es zu einer Ohrbeteiligung mit Hörminderung, davon 5% mit ET.

Eine operative Versorgung fand bei 8% der Patienten statt. Die Behandlung einer Trommelfellperforation erfolgte in 54% durch Schienung und in 38% durch eine Tympanoplastik. Eine Therapie mit einem Glukokortikoid wurde in 48 % i.v. und in 20% oral eingeleitet. Insgesamt kam es zu einer Abnahme von Verletzungen im Jahr 2020 und 2021 von fast 75% im Vergleich zum vorherigen 10-Jahres-Zeitraum.

Die Anwendung von Feuerwerk führte zu einer erhöhten Nutzung des Gesundheitssystems. Das Verkaufsverbot von Pyrotechnik wie auch die Einführung von Pyroverbotszonen 2020 und 2021 führten zu einem relevanten Rückgang von Verletzungen. 2020 und 2021 waren die einzigen Jahre, in denen Verletzungen bei Kindern ausblieben. Das KT des Ohres ist die häufigste feuerwerksbedingte Verletzung.

Abstract

There is an increase of firework-related injuries in Germany at the turn of the year. With regard to hearing, a distinction is made between blast (BT) and explosion trauma (ET). The study examines the prevalence and characteristics of firework-related injuries and the impact of the COVID-19-pandemic pyrotechnic ban on New Year’s Eve 2020/21 and 2021/22 compared to the 10-year period prior to the pandemic.

A retrospective chart review of all patients who presented themselves with the diagnosis blast trauma (H 83.3) or explosion trauma (T 70.8) at the Charité emergency service in the last 12 years from Dezember 28 to January 5 was performed.

276 patients were recorded, 77% of whom were male. 1/3 each were assigned to the age group 10–19 and 20–29 years. 21% of the patients were admitted to the hospital. There was an isolated BT of the ear in 67%, hand injuries in 11%, head injuries in 8% and eye injuries in 4%. 87% had ear involvement with hearing loss; 5% of these with ET.

8% of the patients underwent surgical interventions. The treatment of a tympanic membrane perforation was carried out by: 54% splinting, 38% tympanoplasty. Therapy with a glucocorticoid was administered i.v. in 48%. and initiated orally in 20%. Overall, there was a nearly 75% decrease in injuries in 2020 and 2021 compared to the previous 10-year period.

The use of fireworks leads to increased utilization of health care resources. The ban on the sale of pyrotechnics as well as the introduction of pyro ban zones in 2020 and 2021 led to a relevant decrease in injuries. 2020 and 2021 were the only years in which there were no injuries in children. The BT of the ear is the most common firework-related injury.

Schlüsselwörter

Knalltrauma - Explosionstrauma - Pyroverbot - Covidpandemie - Böller - Silvester - feuerwerksbedingte Verletzungen

Keywords

Firework related injury - blast trauma - explosion trauma - pyrotechnic ban - New Year’s Eve - COVID-19-pandemic

Publication History

Received: 21 December 2022

Accepted after revision: 16 January 2023

Article published online:
07 March 2023

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