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Thromb Haemost 2003; 90(06): 993-1002
DOI: 10.1160/TH03-05-0328
Theme Issue Article
Schattauer GmbH

Cell-matrix and cell-cell contacts of myofibroblasts: role in connective tissue remodeling

Boris Hinz
1   Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
,
Giulio Gabbiani
2   Department of Pathology, Centre Medical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
› Author AffiliationsFinancial support: This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant #31-61.336.00.
Further Information

Publication History

Received 30 May 2003

Accepted after revision 05 August 2003

Publication Date:
05 December 2017 (online)

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Summary

It is presently accepted that fibroblast/myofibroblast modulation represents a crucial step in granulation tissue contraction and in the production of the connective tissue deformations typical of fibrocontractive diseases. In addition to synthesizing extracellular matrix (ECM) components, myofibroblasts can develop tensile force through the neoformation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) containing cytoplasmic stress fibers. Tension has been shown to be a crucial regulator of connective tissue remodeling. In order to coordinate tension distribution within connective tissue, cell-matrix and cell-cell contacts appear essential. This review addresses the formation, molecular structure and function of such structures that are characterized by their association with intracytoplasmic actin filaments. Actin associated cell-matrix adhesions appear to provide the interface between ECM components and intracellular stress fibers, thus contributing to the transmission of force to the substrate and to the detection of stress level in the matrix. Cell-cell adherens junctions appear to synchronize myofibro-blast contractile activity. Further studies investigating the functions of these structures will be important for the understanding of the mechanisms of granulation tissue evolution and for the planification of strategies in view of influencing connective tissue deformations.

Keywords

α-smooth muscle actin - adherens junction - focal adhesion - wound healing - fibrosis
 

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