Wirksamkeit eines beschäftigungstherapeutischen Gruppenangebots bei degenerativen Demenzen: Eine kontrollierte Verlaufsstudie im Pflegeheim

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen Erforschung der Wirksamkeit eines beschäftigungstherapeutischen Gruppenangebots auf alltagspraktische Fähigkeiten und demenzassoziierte Symptome. Methode In einer kontrollierten 6-monatigen Studie wurden 56 Demenzkranke zu 2 Zeitpunkten mit verblindeten Leistungstests untersucht und regressionsanalytisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Die Therapie hat einen signifikant positiven Effekt auf die alltagspraktischen Fähigkeiten und auf die Stimmung, keinen Effekt auf die Kognition. Schlussfolgerung Um alltagspraktische Fähigkeiten länger zu erhalten, müssen diese gezielt trainiert werden.

Abstract

Objective We investigated the effectiveness of an occupational group therapy, tailored to dementia patients, performed regularly 6 days a week, on everyday-practical capabilities and dementia-related behavior. Methods Fifty-six dementia patients in one nursing home in Northern Bavaria (Germany) were observed for 6 months: 28 patients in a therapy group and 28 patients in a matched controlled group. Performance tests, ADAS-kog and E-ADL-Test, were carried out blinded. Data were analyzed using adjusted mean differences for baseline and 6-months follow-up data and multiple regression analysis. Results The therapy leads to stabilization of everyday-practical capabilities (adjusted mean difference 4.0; 95 % CI 1.6–6.3; p = 0.002) and of dementia-related behavior (adjusted mean difference –6.8; 95 % CI –11.8––1.8; p = 0.009) compared to deterioration in the control group who received treatment as usual. The effect power (Cohen d) on everyday-practical capabilities is |0.83|. The therapy had no significant effect on cognitive capacity. Conclusions An occupational therapy program directed particularly to everyday-practical activities cannot slow the progression of all dementia-related symptoms, but has a main target effect on everyday-practical capabilities.

Schlüsselwörter

Demenz - Beschäftigungstherapie - kontrollierte Studie - Pflegeheim

Keywords

dementia - occupational therapy - controlled study - nursing home

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