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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36983
Die Bedeutung der spezifischen Immuntherapie bei allergischem Asthma bronchiale
Specific immunotherapy in allergic asthmaPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 2.5.2002
akzeptiert: 16.10.2002
Publikationsdatum:
30. Januar 2003 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die immunologische Wirkung der SIT beruht auf einer funktionellen Umorientierung und Toleranzentwicklung antigenspezifischer T-Lymphozyten mit daraus resultierender verminderter allergischer Reaktionsbereitschaft und Entzündung. Die subkutane SIT ist für eine Reihe klinisch relevanter Inhalationsallergene (u. a. Birken-, Gräser- und Kräuterpollen, Hausstaubmilben, Tierepithelien) in kontrollierten Studien und Metaanalysen untersucht worden. Bei der SIT handelt es sich sowohl um einen kurativen als auch um einen präventiven Therapieansatz. Sie trägt zur Reduktion der Asthmasymptome und des Medikamentenverbrauchs bei und verbessert die spezifische und unspezifische bronchiale Hyperreaktivität. Sie eignet sich zur Behandlung des leichten bis moderaten allergischen Asthma bronchiale (Ein-Sekundenkapazität; FEV1 >70 % vom Sollwert), wenn:
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die in Frage kommenden Allergene für das Asthma klinisch relevant sind (Auslösung oder Verschlimmerung einer Atemwegsobstruktion bei Allergenkontakt),
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das betreffende Allergen nicht oder nur mit unverhältnismäßig hohem Aufwand gemieden werden kann,
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für die Behandlung qualitativ hochwertige Allergenextrakte zur Verfügung stehen,
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keine Kontraindikationen bestehen,
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Empfehlungen zur Indikation, Durchführung der SIT und Bereitstellung von Notfallmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden,
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eine zuverlässige Mitarbeit des Patienten gegeben ist.
Die SIT kann bei frühzeitigem Einsatz nach Diagnosestellung einer klinisch relevanten IgE-vermittelten Allergie der Atemwege weitere Sensibilisierungen, die allergische Entzündungsreaktion und das Auftreten eines Asthma bronchiale bei Allergikern verhindern oder reduzieren.
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Prof. Dr. A. Gillissen
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