Zusammenfassung
Die Hysterektomie stellt eine sehr häufig durchgeführte Operation dar. Trotz bewiesener
Nachteile der abdominalen Hysterektomie im Vergleich zur vaginalen Hysterektomie wird
die abdominale Hysterektomie oft indiziert, obwohl die laparoskopisch assistierte
Hysterektomie als zusätzliche Alternative zur Verfügung steht. Fragestellung: Wie hoch sind die Komplikationsraten bei der laparoskopisch assistierten vaginalen
Hysterektomie und haben sie sich den Komplikationsraten der reinen vaginalen Hysterektomie
angeglichen? Material und Methodik: Zwischen Juli 1994 und Juni 2003 wurden die Krankenakten aller Patientinnen, die
sich einer vaginalen oder laparoskopisch assistierten vaginalen Hysterektomie ohne
gleichzeitige Deszensuskorrektur in einer Ausbildungsklinik unterzogen hatten, retrospektiv
ausgewertet. Studienendpunkte waren die Operationsdauer, die Rate intraoperativer
Komplikationen und die Raten größerer und kleinerer postoperativer Komplikationen.
Zur statistischen Auswertung wurde der exakte Test nach Fisher, der Student-t-Test
und der Mann-Whitney U-Test verwendet. Ergebnisse: Patientinnen, die sich einer laparoskopisch assistierten vaginalen Hysterektomie
unterzogen hatten (n = 929), waren signifikant älter, hatten einen ungünstigeren BMI,
eine schwerere Gebärmutter und häufigere Zusatzoperationen als Patientinnen, die rein
vaginal operiert worden waren (n = 735) (p < 0,001). Trotzdem unterschieden sich die
Komplikationsraten nicht. Im Zusammenhang mit der laparoskopisch assistierten vaginalen
Hysterektomie kam es zu signifikant weniger Revisionen und Temperaturerhöhungen durch
Stumpfinfiltrate (p < 0,05). Schlussfolgerung: In dieser Untersuchungsreihe war die Rate intra- und postoperativer Komplikationen
niedrig und unterschied sich nicht signifikant vom rein vaginalen Vorgehen.
Abstract
Background: Despite the proven advantages of vaginal hysterectomies compared to abdominal hysterectomies
the latter is still very common for the therapy of benign disorders, although it could
be replaced by laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. The aim of this study
is to describe the rate of complications in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
in a teaching hospital and to compare it with the rate of complications in vaginal
hysterectomies. Methods: Between July 1994 and June 2003 hospital records of patients who underwent hysterectomy
(classical vaginal or laparoscopically assisted vaginal) without vaginal repair were
evaluated retrospectively. Study end points were duration of surgery, hemoglobin difference,
rate of intra- and postoperative complications. Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test,
and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. Results: Patients who underwent laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (n = 929) were
significantly older, had a higher BMI, and a higher uterine weight than patients undergoing
vaginal hysterectomy (n = 735) (p < 0.001). Adnexal pathology was more often associated
with a laparoscopic approach. The rate of complications did not differ between the
groups, despite more difficult cases occurring in the group of laparoscopically assisted
vaginal hysterectomies. Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy was significantly
associated with a lower incidence of fever related to operative site (p < 0.05), and
a lower incidence of re-operation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study the rate of intra- and postoperative complications in laparoscopically
assisted vaginal hysterectomies was low and did not differ from that of vaginal hysterectomies
in our teaching hospital.
Schlüsselwörter
Hysterektomie - Komplikationen
Key words
Hysterectomy - complication
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Dr. med. Chr. Altgassen
Universitätsfrauenklinik
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
Campus Lübeck
Ratzeburger Allee 160
23538 Lübeck
eMail: altgassen@frauenklinik.uni-luebeck.de