Monocyte subsets in atherosclerosis

Summary

Endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall continuously drive the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Monocytes, as cells of the innate immunity, are particularly involved in this process. In the last decade, heterogeneity of circulating monocytes has widely been acknowledged, and a recent consensus nomenclature subdivides classical, intermediate and nonclassical monocytes. Accumulating experimental and clinical data suggest a differential, subsetspecific contribution of monocytes to the pathology of atherosclerosis.

This review summarizes recent key findings on human and mouse monocyte subpopulations, specifically highlighting their phenotype, functional characteristics and mechanisms of recruitment at homeostatic conditions, in atherosclerotic vascular disease, and after acute myocardial infarction.

Zusammenfassung

Endotheliale Dysfunktion und chronische Entzündung der Gefäßwand treiben die Entwicklung atherosklerotischer Läsionen kontinuierlich voran. Als Zellen der angeborenen Immunität sind Monozyten in zentraler Weise in diesen Prozess involviert. Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt erlangte die Heterogenität der Monozyten zunehmende Beachtung, wobei eine rezente Konsensus-Nomenklatur klassische, intermediäre und nicht-klassische Monozyten differenziert. Zahlreiche experimentelle und klinische Daten deuten darauf hin, dass Monozytensubpopulationen auf spezifische Weise zur Pathogenese der Atherosklerose beitragen.

Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll zentrale Ergebnisse kürzlich publizierter Studien über humane und murine Monozytensubpopulationen zusammenfassen. Sie fokussiert auf die phänotypischen und funktionellen Charakteristika von Monozytensubpopulationen und auf Mechanismen der Rekrutierung unter homöostatischen Bedingungen, bei atherosklerotischen Gefäßerkrankungen sowie nach akutem Myokardinfarkt.

Keywords

Leukocytes - recruitment - obesity - smoking - coronary artery disease

Schlüsselwörter

Leukozyten - Rekrutierung - Übergewicht - Rauchen - koronare Herzkrankheit

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