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Fensterbank, L.  et al.: 2021 Science of Synthesis, 2020/4: Free Radicals: Fundamentals and Applications in Organic Synthesis 1 DOI: 10.1055/sos-SD-234-00031
Free Radicals: Fundamentals and Applications in Organic Synthesis 1

1.3 Modelling Radicals and Their Reactivities

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Editors: Fensterbank, L. ; Ollivier, C.

Authors: André-Joyaux, E.; Bellanger, C.; Bertrand, M. P.; Besson, E. ; Bietti, M.; Braïda, B.; Cahoon, S. B.; Casano, G.; Chelli, S.; Chen, Y.; Chiba, S. ; Dénès, F. ; Derat, E.; Gastaldi, S. ; Gnägi, L.; Kaga, A.; Lakhdar, S. ; Liu, D.; Lu, X.-L.; Maestri, G. ; Melendez, C.; Ouari, O. ; Renaud, P. ; Rovis, T.; Serafino, A.; Shirakawa, E. ; Soulard, V.; Treacy, S. M.; Wang, B.; Wang, Y.-F.; Yoon, T. P.; Yorimitsu, H.; Zhang, F.-L.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, X.

Title: Free Radicals: Fundamentals and Applications in Organic Synthesis 1

Print ISBN: 9783132435520; Online ISBN: 9783132435537; Book DOI: 10.1055/b000000087

1st edition © 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart

Subjects: Organic Chemistry;Chemical Reactions, Catalysis;Organometallic Chemistry;Laboratory Techniques, Stoichiometry

Science of Synthesis Reference Libraries



Parent publication

Title: Science of Synthesis

DOI: 10.1055/b-00000101

Series Editors: Fürstner, A. (Editor-in-Chief); Carreira, E. M.; Faul, M.; Kobayashi, S.; Koch, G.; Molander, G. A.; Nevado, C.; Trost, B. M.; You, S.-L.; Fürstner, A.; Carreira, E. M.; Faul, M.; Kobayashi, S.; Koch, G.; Molander, G. A.; Nevado, C.; Trost, B. M.; You, S.-L

Type: Multivolume Edition

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Abstract

In this chapter, the application of computational quantum mechanical methods to the understanding of radical reactions is introduced. For radical reactions, access to electronic configurations through quantum chemical calculations allows rationalization of unusual reactivities. Using the valence bond approach, the nature of bonding in three-electron bonds can be characterized by large resonance interactions. Similarly, some simple reactions that are commonly believed to be radical-free, such as [3 + 2] cycloadditions, are in fact governed by a high-lying biradical intermediate that helps to stabilize the transition state. More complex radical and enzymatic reactions can also be modelled, as illustrated by the example of horseradish peroxidase. These case studies show that computational analysis can complement experimental investigations and fill in the blanks to enable a more complete understanding of radical reactions.

Key words

radicals - modelling - computational chemistry - quantum mechanics - density functional theory (DFT) - radical stability - valence bond methods - two-center, three-electron bonds - enzyme catalysis - cycloaddition - electron transfer - iron catalysts - radical ions
 
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