Meilensteine der Schilddrüsenchirurgie

Mark Mahanty; Sven Koscielny; Arne Koscielny

doi:10.1055/a-0664-8953

Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Laryngorhinootologie 2018; 97(11): 762-771
DOI: 10.1055/a-0664-8953

Übersicht

Meilensteine der Schilddrüsenchirurgie

Milestones of Thyroid Surgery

Authors

Mark Mahanty

¹Kantonsspital Baden General and Vascular Surgery
Sven Koscielny

²UKJ ENT
Arne Koscielny

³Universitätsklinikum Bonn Chirurgisches Zentrum Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

In der hier vorgelegten Darstellung der Entwicklung der Schilddrüsenchirurgie hin zu einer sicheren Chirurgie, die auf dem aktuellen chirurgischen und medizinhistorischen Forschungsstand und der verfügbaren einschlägigen Literatur basiert, wird die Entwicklungskontinuität hin zu den minimalinvasiven Operationsverfahren, die den dank der historischen Entwicklung erreichten hohen Sicherheitsstandards mindestens genügen müssen, erstmals im medizingeschichtlichen Kontext interpretiert. Das zunehmende Verständnis der Erkrankungen der Schilddrüse und der perioperativen Folgen und Komplikationen, die zu neuen medizinischen und therapeutischen Erkenntnissen führten, wird somit erstmals auch in diesem Kontext interpretiert.

Zur Verbesserung des Patientenkomforts im Hinblick auf die Operationswunde und spätere Narbenbildung werden seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts immer wieder neue minimalinvasive Operationsmethoden beschrieben, die sich durch die Zugangsmodalitäten und -wege unterscheiden. Zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen der operativen Zugangswege und Methoden müssen dem heutigen hohen Stand der chirurgischen und nuklearmedizinischen Therapie und ihren Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsstandards mindestens genügen.

Abstract

Thyroid surgery has been developping to a safe surgery including minimally invasive treatment options meeting high safety standards up to now. This fascinating development is displayed in a medical-historical context based on the current state of surgical and medical-historical research. The increasing comprehension of thyroid diseases and treatments including their perioperative sequelae and complications is interpreted in this historical context. Newly implemented minimally invasive thyroid operations differ by access modalities and pathes and led to higher patient comforts regarding the wounds and scar formation. Future surgical techniques and new access pathes have to meet at least the present high safety and quality standards in thyroid surgery and nuclear medicine.

Schlüsselwörter

Schilddrüsenchirurgie - historische Meilensteine - minimalinvasive Chirurgie - Theodor Kocher - Recurrensparese

Key words

thyroid surgery - historical milestones - minimalinvasive surgery - Theodor Kocher - paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Volltext

Referenzen

Literatur
1 Wölfler A. 1883; Über die Entwickelung und den Bau des Kropfes. Archiv für klinische Chirurgie 29: 1-97
2 Morgan MH. 2010. Vitruvius: The Ten Books on Architecture. Kessinger Publishing;
3 Hardouin J. 1831 Caii Plinii Secundi Historia naturalis, vol Bd. 4. Caii Plinii Secundi Historia naturalis. J. Pomba
4 Niazi AK, Kalra S, Irfan A. et al. 2011; Thyroidology over the ages. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 15 (Suppl. 02) 121-126 doi:10.4103/2230–8210.83347 [doi];IJEM-15–121 [pii];10.4103/2230–8210.83347 [doi];IJEM-15–121 [pii]
5 Celsus SpencerWG. 1938. De Medicina, vol Bücher 7–8. Celsus on Medicine. Harvard University Press;
6 Elgood C. 1951 A medical history of Persia and the eastern caliphate from the earliest times until the year A.D. 1932. In. University Press: 216-218
7 Ignjatovi-ç M. 2010 The thyroid gland in works of famous old anatomists and great artists. Paper presented at the Langenbecks Arch Surg Langenbeck‘s Archives of Surgery, 2010.
8 Nabipour I, Burger A, Moharreri MR. et al. 2009; Avicenna, the first to describe thyroid-related orbitopathy. Thyroid 19 (01) 7-8 doi:10.1089/thy.2008.0299 [doi];10.1089/thy.2008.0299 [doi]
9 Rinius B. 1555. Liber canonis de medicinis cordialibus, et cantica. Apud Juntas; Venetiis [Venice]:
10 Dadan J, Nowacka A. 2008; A journey into the past-the history of thyroid surgery. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE 61 (01/03) 88-92
11 Eustachi B. 1714 Tabulae anatomicae. Ex officina typographica Francisci Gonzagae … Romae.
12 Welbourn RB. 1990 The History of Endocrine Surgery. In. Praeger. 19-27
13 Lydiatt DD, Bucher GS. 2011; Historical vignettes of the thyroid gland. Clin Anat 24 (01) 1-9 doi:10.1002/ca.21073 [doi];10.1002/ca.21073 [doi]
14 Wharton T. 1656 Adenographia: sive glandularum totius corporis descriptio. Typis J.G. impensis authoris
15 Kortum CGT. 1789. Commentarius de vitio scrofuloso quique inde pendent morbis secundariis. Meyer; Lemgo:
16 Muys J. 1629. Neue vernünfftige praxis der Wund-Artzney oder Chirurgische Anmerckungen zusambt seinen Podalirio redivivo oder Gespräch zwischen den Podalirio und Philiatro. Frankfurt:
17 Wölfler A. 1886; Die operative Behandlung des Kropfes durch Unterbindung der zuführenden Arterien. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift 36: 1013-1052
18 Hansleutner. 1810; Über die Erkenntnis, Natur und Heillung des Kropfes. Archiv für praktische Medizin und Klinik 19 (01) 1-54
19 Wölfler A. 1880. Über die Entwickelung und den Bau der Schilddrüse mit Rücksicht auf die Entwickelung der Kröpfe. G. Reimer; Berlin:
20 Riedel B. 1896; Die chronische, zur Bildung eisenharter Tumoren führende Entzündung der Schilddrüse. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 25: 5
21 Riedel B. 1910; Über Verlauf und Ausgang der Strumitis chronica. Muench Med Wochenschr 57: 2
22 Toledo AH. 2006; John Collins Warren: Master educator and pioneer surgeon of ether fame. J Invest Surg 19 (06) 341-344 doi:W34864MM29518184 [pii];10.1080/08941930601066858 [doi];W34864MM29518184 [pii];10.1080/08941930601066858 [doi]
23 Darwin F. 1914; Francis Galton. Eugen Rev 6 (01) 1-17
24 Mikulicz J. 1897 Das Operiren in sterilisirten Zwirnhandschuhen und mit Mundbinde. Ein Beitrag zur Sicherung des aseptischen Verlaufs von Operationswunden, Centralblatt für Chirurgie, 1897, Jg. 24, No. 26, S. 713–717. Centralblatt für Chirurgie.
25 Mikulicz J. 1897; Über Versuche, die „aseptische“ Wundbehandlung zu einer wirklich keimfreien Methode zu vervollkommnen. Dtsch med Wochenschr 23 (26) 409-413
26 Robb H. 1895; Aseptic surgical Technique. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 22 (32) 741-741
27 Zoege von Manteuffel W. 1897; Gummihanschuhe in der chirurgischen Praxis. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 24 (20) 553-556
28 Gross SD. 1866 A System of Surgery: Pathological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Operative, vol Bd. 2. A System of Surgery: Pathological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Operative. H. C. Lea
29 Kocher ET. 1907. Chirurgische Operationslehre. Gustav Fischer;
30 Haeger K, Calne RY, Von Leuven J. 2000. Illustrated History of Surgery. Harold Starke Publishers Limited;
31 Gley E. 1891; Sur les fonctions du corps thyroide. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de ses Filiales 43: 841-842
32 Giddings CE, Rimmer J, Weir N. 2009; History of parathyroid gland surgery: an historical case series. J Laryngol Otol 123 (10) 1075-1081 doi:10.1017/S0022215109005702
33 Mikulicz J. 1886; Beitrag zur Operation des Kropfes. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift 36 (02) 40-44
34 Hartley F. 1905; Thyroidectomy for Exophthalmic Goitre. Ann Surg 42 (01) 33-48
35 Dunhill TP. 1907; Exophthalmic goitre: partial thyroidectomy under local anaesthesia. Intercolonial Med J Aust 12: 569-572
36 Dunhill TP. 1909; Remarks ON PARTIAL THYROIDECTOMY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE, AND OBSERVATIONS ON 113 OPERATIONS UNDER LOCAL ANAESTHESIA. Br Med J 1 (2525) 1222-1225
37 Dunhill TP. 1919; Some considerations on the operation for exophthalmic goitre. British Journal of Surgery 7 (26) 195-210
38 Lahey FH. 1938; Exposure of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves in Thyroid Operations. Surg Gynecol Obstet 66: 775-777
39 Lahey FH. 1938; Routine dissection and demonstration of recurrent laryngeal nerve in subtotal thyroidectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 66: 775-777
40 Lahey FH. 1941; AIDS IN AVOIDING SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN THYROIDECTOMY. Ann Surg 113 (05) 730-751
41 Lahey FH, Hoover WB. 1938; INJURIES TO THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE IN THYROID OPERATIONS: THEIR MANAGEMENT AND AVOIDANCE. Ann Surg 108 (04) 545-562
42 Kendall EC. 1919; ISOLATION OF THE IODINE COMPOUND WHICH OCCURS IN THE THYROID First Paper. Journal of Biological Chemistry 39 (01) 125-147
43 Kendall EC. 1983; Landmark article, June 19, 1915. The isolation in crystalline form of the compound containing iodin, which occurs in the thyroid. Its chemical nature and physiologic activity. By E.C. Kendall. JAMA 250 (15) 2045-2046
44 Harington CR. 1926; Chemistry of Thyroxine: Isolation of Thyroxine from the Thyroid Gland. Biochem J 20 (02) 293-299
45 Harington CR, Barger G. 1927; Chemistry of Thyroxine: Constitution and Synthesis of Thyroxine. Biochem J 21 (01) 169-183
46 Gross J, Pitt-Rivers R. 1951 UNIDENTIFIED IODINE COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN PLASMA IN ADDITION TO THYROXINE AND IODIDE. Paper presented at the The Lancet Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 6687, 10/27/1951.
47 Gross J, Pitt-Rivers R. 1952 PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 3:5:3‘-L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE. Paper presented at the The Lancet Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 6708, 3/22/1952.
48 Gross J, Pitt-Rivers R, Trotter WR. 1952 EFFECT OF 3 : 5 : 3‘-L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN MYXOEDEMA. Paper presented at the The Lancet Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 6717, 5/24/1952.
49 Fujimoto Y, Oka A, Omoto R. et al. 1967; Ultrasound scanning of the thyroid gland as a new diagnostic approach. Ultrasonics 5 (03) 177-180
50 Blum M, Weis B, Hernberg J. 1971; Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules by A-Mode Echoqraphy. Radiology 101 (03) 651-656
51 Leopold GR. 1980; Ultrasonography of superficially located structures. Radiol Clin North Am 18 (01) 161-173
52 Frey HDC. 2006. Sonoelastography: a new ultrasound modality for assessing tissue elasticity. Endoscopic ultrasound. An introducory manual and atlas. Thieme; 6
53 Kallel F, Ophir J, Magee K. et al. 1998; Elastographic imaging of low-contrast elastic modulus distributions in tissue. Ultrasound Med Biol 24 (03) 409-425 doi:S0301–5629(97)00287–1 [pii];S0301–5629(97)00287–1 [pii]
54 Cantisani V, Lodise P, Di Rocco G. et al. 2015; Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement of Quasistatic Ultrasound Elastography in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Ultraschall Med 36 (02) 162-167 doi:10.1055/s-0034–1366467
55 Martin HE, Ellis EB. 1930; BIOPSY BY NEEDLE PUNCTURE AND ASPIRATION. Ann Surg 92 (02) 169-181
56 Söderström N. 1952; Puncture of Goiters for Aspiration Biopsy. Acta Medica Scandinavica 144 (03) 237-244
57 Holm HH, Kristensen JK, Rasmussen SN. et al. 1972; Ultrasound as a guide in percutaneous puncture technique. Ultrasonics 10 (02) 83-86
58 Holm HH, Pedersen JF, Kristensen JK. et al. 1975; Ultrasonically guided percutaneous puncture. Radiol Clin North Am 13 (03) 493-503
59 Anger HO. 1958; Scintillation Camera. Review of Scientific Instruments 29 (01) 27-33
60 Hamilton JG, Soley MH, Eichorn KB. 1940. Deposition of radioactive iodine in human thyroid tissue. University of California Press:
61 Soley MH, Foreman N. 1949; RADIOIODINE THERAPY IN GRAVES‘ DISEASE. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 28 (06) 1367-1374
62 Hamilton JG, Lawrence JH. 1942 Recent Clinical Developments in the Therapeutic Application of Radio-Phosphorus an Radio-Iodine. Paper presented at the The Journal of Clinical Investigation PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL INVESTIGATION HELD IN ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., MAY 4, 1942, 9/1/1942.
63 Hertz S, Roberts A. 1942 Application od Radioactive Iodine in Therapy of Graves‘ Disease. Paper presented at the The Journal of Clinical Investigation PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL INVESTIGATION HELD IN ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., MAY 4, 1942, 9/1/1942.
64 ASTWOOD EB. 1943; Treatment of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and thiouracil. Journal of the American Medical Association 122 (02) 78-81 doi:doi: 10.1001/jama.1943.02840190008003;doi: 10.1001/jama.1943.02840190008003
65 ASTWOOD EB, VANDERLAAN WP. 1946; Treatment of hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil. Ann Intern Med 25 (05) 813-821
66 Dralle H, Musholt TJ, Schabram J. et al. 2013; German Association of Endocrine Surgeons practice guideline for the surgical management of malignant thyroid tumors. Langenbecks Arch Surg 398 (03) 347-375 doi:10.1007/s00423–013–1057–6
67 Dralle H. 2009 Rekurrens- und Nebenschilddrüsenpräparation in der Schilddrüsenchirurgie. Paper presented at the Chirurg Der Chirurg, 2009.
68 Ikeda Y, Takami H, Niimi M. et al. 2001; Endoscopic thyroidectomy by the axillary approach. Surg Endosc 15 (11) 1362-1364 doi:10.1007/s004640080139 [doi];10.1007/s004640080139 [doi]
69 Ohgami M, Ishii S, Arisawa Y. et al. 2000; Scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy: breast approach for better cosmesis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10 (01) 1-4
70 Shimizu K. 2001; Minimally invasive thyroid surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 15 (02) 123-137 doi:10.1053/beem.2001.0130 [doi];S1521690X01901307 [pii];10.1053/beem.2001.0130 [doi];S1521690X01901307 [pii]
71 Shimizu K, Kitagawa W, Akasu H. et al. 2002; Video-assisted endoscopic thyroid and parathyroid surgery using a gasless method of anterior neck skin lifting: a review of 130 cases. Surg Today 32 (10) 862-868 doi:10.1007/s005950200168 [doi];10.1007/s005950200168 [doi]
72 Shimazu K, Shiba E, Tamaki Y. et al. 2003; Endoscopic thyroid surgery through the axillo-bilateral-breast approach. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 13 (03) 196-201
73 Choi J, Lee K, Youn YK. 2012. Bilateral Axillo-Breast Approach (BABA) Endoscopic and Robotic Thyroid Surgery. In: Linos D, Chung WY. (eds) Minimally Invasive Thyroidectomy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 169-181
74 Lee KE, Kim HY, Park WS. et al. 2009; Postauricular and axillary approach endoscopic neck surgery: a new technique. World J Surg 33 (04) 767-772 doi:10.1007/s00268–009–9922–8 [doi];10.1007/s00268–009–9922–8 [doi]
75 Benhidjeb T, Wilhelm T, Harlaar J. et al. 2009; Natural orifice surgery on thyroid gland: totally transoral video-assisted thyroidectomy (TOVAT): report of first experimental results of a new surgical method. Surg Endosc 23 (05) 1119-1120 doi:10.1007/s00464–009–0347–0 [doi];10.1007/s00464–009–0347–0 [doi]
76 Wilhelm T, Metzig A. 2010; Video. Endoscopic minimally invasive thyroidectomy: first clinical experience. Surg Endosc 24 (07) 1757-1758 doi:10.1007/s00464–009–0820–9 [doi];10.1007/s00464–009–0820–9 [doi]
77 Richmon JD, Pattani KM, Benhidjeb T. et al. 2011; Transoral robotic-assisted thyroidectomy: a preclinical feasibility study in 2 cadavers. Head Neck 33 (03) 330-333 doi:10.1002/hed.21454 [doi];10.1002/hed.21454 [doi]
78 Nakajo A, Arima H, Hirata M. et al. 2013; Trans-Oral Video-Assisted Neck Surgery (TOVANS). A new transoral technique of endoscopic thyroidectomy with gasless premandible approach. Surg Endosc 27 (04) 1105-1110 doi:10.1007/s00464–012–2588–6 [doi];10.1007/s00464–012–2588–6 [doi]
79 Youben F, Bo W, Chunlin Z. et al. 2012; Trans-areola single-site endoscopic thyroidectomy: pilot study of 35 cases. Surg Endosc 26 (04) 939-947 doi:10.1007/s00464–011–1972-y [doi];10.1007/s00464–011–1972-y [doi]
80 Ding Z, Deng X, Fan Y. et al. 2013 Single-port endoscopic thyroidectomy via a submental approach: Report of an initial experience. Head Neck. doi:10.1002/hed.23213 [doi]
81 Hüscher CS, Chiodini S, Napolitano C. et al. 1997; Endoscopic right thyroid lobectomy. Surg Endosc 11 (08) 877
82 Miccoli P, Bellantone R, Mourad M. et al. 2002; Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy: multiinstitutional experience. World J Surg 26 (08) 972-975 doi:10.1007/s00268–002–6627–7 [doi];10.1007/s00268–002–6627–7 [doi]
83 Miccoli P, Minuto MN. 2009; Minimally invasive thyroidectomy: state of the art. Minerva Chir 64 (06) 545-550 doi:R06095180 [pii];R06095180 [pii]
84 Miccoli P, Berti P, Raffaelli M. et al. 2001; Comparison between minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy and conventional thyroidectomy: a prospective randomized study. Surgery 130 (06) 1039-1043 doi:S0039–6060(01)03827–2 [pii];10.1067/msy.2001.118264 [doi];S0039–6060(01)03827–2 [pii];10.1067/msy.2001.118264 [doi]
85 Miccoli P, Minuto MN, Ugolini C. et al. 2008; Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease: an evidence-based review. World J Surg 32 (07) 1333-1340 doi:10.1007/s00268–008–9479-y [doi];10.1007/s00268–008–9479-y [doi]
86 Vaysberg M, Steward DL. 2008; Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy. Laryngoscope 118 (05) 786-789 doi:10.1097/MLG.0b013e318162cad6 [doi];10.1097/MLG.0b013e318162cad6 [doi]
87 Park YL, Han WK, Bae WG. 2003; 100 cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy: breast approach. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 13 (01) 20-25
88 Choi JY, Lee KE, Chung KW. et al. 2012; Endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA): review of 512 cases in a single institute. Surg Endosc 26 (04) 948-955 doi:10.1007/s00464–011–1973-x [doi];10.1007/s00464–011–1973-x [doi]
89 Lee K, Kim E, Koo D. et al. 2013 Robotic thyroidectomy by bilateral axillo-breast approach: review of 1026 cases and surgical completeness. Paper presented at the Surg Endosc Surgical Endoscopy, 8/2013.
90 Papaspyrou G, Ferlito A, Silver CE. et al. 2011; Extracervical approaches to endoscopic thyroid surgery. Surg Endosc 25 (04) 995-1003 doi:10.1007/s00464–010–1341–2
91 Henry JF. 2008; Minimally invasive thyroid and parathyroid surgery is not a question of length of the incision. Langenbecks Arch Surg 393 (05) 621-626 doi:10.1007/s00423–008–0406–3
92 Tan CT, Cheah WK, Delbridge L. 2008; „Scarless“ (in the neck) endoscopic thyroidectomy (SET): an evidence-based review of published techniques. World J Surg 32 (07) 1349-1357 doi:10.1007/s00268–008–9555–3 [doi];10.1007/s00268–008–9555–3 [doi]
93 Dralle H, Sekulla C, Haerting J. et al. 2004; Risk factors of paralysis and functional outcome after recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery. Surgery 136 (06) 1310-1322 doi:S0039606004005550 [pii];10.1016/j.surg.2004.07.018 [doi];S0039606004005550 [pii];10.1016/j.surg.2004.07.018 [doi]
94 Jatzko GR, Lisborg PH, Muller MG. et al. 1994; Recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid operations--principal nerve identification and a literature review. Surgery 115 (02) 139-144
95 RIDDELL VH. 1956; Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy; a comparison between the results of identification and non-identification in 1022 nerves exposed to risk. Lancet 268 (6944) 638-641
96 Shedd DP, BURGET GC. 1966; Identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: Electrical method for evaluation in the human. Archives of Surgery 92 (06) 861-864 doi:doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1966.01320240049010;doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1966.01320240049010
97 Mermelstein M, Nonweiler R, Rubinstein EH. 1996; Intraoperative identification of laryngeal nerves with laryngeal electromyography. Laryngoscope 106 (06) 752-756
98 Tschopp KP, Gottardo C. 2002; Comparison of various methods of electromyographic monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 111 (09) 811-816
99 Flisberg K, Lindholm T. 1969; Electrical stimulation of the human recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid operation. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh ) (Suppl) 263: 63-67
100 Chiang FY, Lu IC, Chen HC. et al. 2010; Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Early Localization and Identification of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve During Thyroid Surgery. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 26 (12) 633-639
101 Hillermann CL, Tarpey J, Phillips DE. 2003 Laryngeal nerve identification during thyroid surgery – feasibility of a novel approach. Paper presented at the Can J Anaesth Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2003.
102 Timmermann W, Hamelmann WH, Thomusch O. et al. 2004 Zuverlässigkeit und Konsequenzen des intraoperativen Neuromonitorings in der Schilddrüsenchirurgie. Paper presented at the Chirurg Der Chirurg, 2004.
103 Dralle H, Sekulla C, Lorenz K. et al. 2012; Loss of the nerve monitoring signal during bilateral thyroid surgery. Br J Surg 99 (08) 1089-1095 doi:10.1002/bjs.8831 [doi];10.1002/bjs.8831 [doi]
104 Goretzki PE, Schwarz K, Brinkmann J. et al. 2010; The impact of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) on surgical strategy in bilateral thyroid diseases: is it worth the effort?. World J Surg 34 (06) 1274-1284 doi:10.1007/s00268–009–0353–3 [doi];10.1007/s00268–009–0353–3 [doi]
105 Tschopp K, Probst R. 1994; Neue Aspekte in der Schilddrüsenchirurgie mit dem intraoperativen Monitoring des N. laryngeus recurrens. Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 73 (11) 568-572
106 Thomusch O, Sekulla C, Machens A. et al. 2004; Validity of intra-operative neuromonitoring signals in thyroid surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 389 (06) 499-503 doi:10.1007/s00423–003–0444–9 [doi];10.1007/s00423–003–0444–9 [doi]
107 Thomusch O, Sekulla C, Ukkat J. et al. 2001; Qualitätssicherungsstudie benigne und maligne Struma. Zentralbl Chir 126 (09) 664-671
108 Sturgeon C, Sturgeon T, Angelos P. 2009 Neuromonitoring in Thyroid Surgery: Attitudes, Usage Patterns, and Predictors of Use Among Endocrine Surgeons. Paper presented at the World J Surg World Journal of Surgery, 2009.
109 Hermann M. 2011. Ergebnisqualität Schilddrüsenchirurgie 1979 bis 2008 – die Datenlage. In: Schilddrüsenchirurgie. Springer Vienna: 112-233
110 Lamade W, Ulmer C, Rieber F. et al. 2011; New backstrap vagus electrode for continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery. Surg Innov 18 (03) 206-213 doi:1553350611409955 [pii];10.1177/1553350611409955 [doi];1553350611409955 [pii];10.1177/1553350611409955 [doi]
111 Schneider R, Przybyl J, Pliquett U. et al. 2010; A new vagal anchor electrode for real-time monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Am J Surg 199 (04) 507-514 doi:S0002–9610(09)00625–4 [pii];10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.04.036 [doi];S0002–9610(09)00625–4 [pii];10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.04.036 [doi]
112 Schneider R, Randolph GW, Sekulla C. et al. 2012 Continuous intraoperative vagus nerve stimulation for identification of imminent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Head Neck. doi:10.1002/hed.23187 [doi];10.1002/hed.23187 [doi]