Vergleich einer kommerziell erhältlichen, Formula-basierten, mit Haferballaststoffen angereicherten Ernährungstherapie mit einer isokalorischen diätetischen Therapie ohne Formula zur Therapie der nicht-alkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) – eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Interventionsstudie

Zusammenfassung

Die nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) wird primär mittels Kalorienrestriktion mit konsekutiver Reduktion des Körpergewichts behandelt. Ein Austausch von Stärke und Zucker gegen Protein, einfach ungesättigte und langkettige Omega-3-Fettsäuren wie auch präbiotisches β-Glucan sollen dabei unterstützend wirken.

In einer randomisierten, kontrollierten Interventionsstudie wurde der Effekt zweier Diätkonzepte auf den hepatischen Lipidgehalt und biochemische Parameter an Patienten mit Body-Mass-Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² und Zeichen einer Fettlebererkrankung untersucht. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG, n = 17) erhielt eine kommerziell erhältliche Formula-Diät mit Haferballaststoffen, die Kontrollgruppe (KG, n = 19) wurde auf eine kalorisch vergleichbar beschränkte Kost (ca. 1000 kcal/Tag) nach der Methodik der „low glycemic and insulinemic diet“ eingestellt.

Beide Diätkonzepte führten nach 12 Wochen zu einer Reduktion des BMI (IG: von 33,8 ± 2,9 nach 29,3 ± 2,5 kg/m², KG: von 33,7 ± 2,8 nach 30,1 ± 3,2 kg/m², beide p < 0,001) sowie zu einer Verbesserung der Leberfunktion und der metabolischen Situation. Der hepatorenale Index verringerte sich in beiden Gruppen, allerdings in der IG deutlicher als in der KG (Studienende: 1,1 ± 0,2 vs. 1,9 ± 0,3, p < 0,05). Eine Blutdruckreduktion trat nur in der IG auf (systolisch von 136 ± 15 auf 122 ± 11 mmHg, diastolisch von 89 ± 9 auf 79 ± 11 mmHg, beide p < 0,01).

Zusammenfassend sind beide diätetischen Interventionen ähnlich effektiv hinsichtlich Gewichtsreduktion, aber die Intervention mit der Formula-Diät mit Haferballaststoffen war hinsichtlich der Reduktion des Leberfettgehalts und der Blutdrucksenkung effektiver als die Kontroll-Diät.

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly treated with caloric restriction and consecutive weight reduction. Protein, in exchange for starch and sugar as well as monounsaturated and long chain omega-3-fatty acids and prebiotic β-glucan, are thought to be supportive.

In a randomized controlled intervention study, two different dietary concepts were tested regarding effects on intrahepatic lipid content as well as on biochemical parameters in patients with a body-mass-index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² and signs of fatty liver disease. The intervention group (IG, n = 17) received a commercially available formula diet supplemented with oats fibers. The control group (CG, n = 19) received a comparably restricted diet (approx. 1000 kcal/d) according to the “low glycemic and insulinemic diet” method.

After twelve weeks, both interventions resulted into a reduction of BMI (IG: 33.8 ± 2.9 to 29.3 ± 2.5 kg/m², CG: 33.7 ± 2.8 to 30.1 ± 3.2 kg/m², both p < 0.001), as well as an improvement of liver and other metabolic functions. The hepatorenal index decreased in both groups, however, this reduction was more pronounced in the IG than in the CG (end of the study: 1.1 ± 0.2 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). A reduction of blood pressure only occurred in the IG (systolic from 136 ± 15 mmHg to 122 ± 11 mmHg, diastolic from 89 ± 9 mmHg to 79 ± 11 mmHg, both p < 0.01).

In conclusion, we found that both dietetic interventions were similarly effective regarding weight reduction, but the formula diet with oats fibers was more effective regarding the reduction of intrahepatic lipid content and blood pressure than the control diet.

Schlüsselwörter

NAFLD - Gewichtsreduktion - Formula-Diät - low calorie diet - Hypertonie - Hafer

Key words

NAFLD - weight reduction - formula diet - low calorie diet - hypertension - oats

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