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Neonatologie Scan 2019; 08(03): 187-203
DOI: 10.1055/a-0747-8956
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Herzkatheterinterventionen beim Neugeborenen

Frank-Thomas Riede
,
Christian Paech
,
Ingo Dähnert
Subject Editor: Wissenschaftlich verantwortlich gemäß Zertifizierungsbestimmungen für diesen Beitrag ist Dr. med. Frank-Thomas Riede, Leipzig
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Publication History

Publication Date:
23 September 2019 (online)

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Herzfehler sind mit einer Prävalenz von ungefähr 1 % die häufigsten angeborenen Fehlbildungen [1]. Bei kritischen angeborenen Herzfehlern (kAHF) ist eine rechtzeitige – meist kardiochirurgische – Therapie überlebenswichtig. Herzkatheterinterventionen können beim Neugeborenen dazu beitragen, den präoperativen Zustand und das OP-Ergebnis zu verbessern oder – seltener – eine OP zu vermeiden.
Kernaussagen

  • Herzkatheterinterventionen haben einen festen Stellenwert in der Behandlung von Neugeborenen mit kritischen angeborenen Herzfehlern.

  • Die Ballonvalvuloplastie der Pulmonalklappe stellt eine eigenständige Behandlung dar.

  • Häufig sind Herzkatheterinterventionen beim Neugeborenen Teil eines Behandlungskonzeptes, bei dem operative Techniken zentral eingesetzt werden.

  • Mit Hilfe von Herzkatheterinterventionen kann häufig der präoperative Zustand stabilisiert oder das OP-Ergebnis erhalten bzw. verbessert werden.

  • In Zentren mit entsprechender Erfahrung können auch Eingriffe bei Neu- und sogar bei Frühgeborenen sicher und mit geringem Risiko durchgeführt werden.

  • Vor allem nach Verwendung arterieller Zugänge im Neugeborenenalter müssen postinterventionell Gefäßverschlüsse sonografisch ausgeschlossen werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Neugeborenes - kritischer angeborener Herzfehler - Herzkatheterintervention
 

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