Optimale Belastung

Zusammenfassung

Unter Sportphysiotherapeuten besteht weitgehend Einigkeit darüber, dass ein sorgfältig geplantes und konsequent durchgeführtes Training das beste Mittel ist, einen verletzten Sportler so schnell wie möglich in den Wettkampf zurückzuführen. Doch wie findet man heraus, welche Belastungen man einem Rekonvaleszenten zumuten kann? Phil Glasgow hat sich dazu grundlegende Gedanken gemacht.

• Literatur

• 1 Trevors JT, Saier Jr MH. Thermodynamic perspectives on genetic instructions, the laws of biology and diseased states. C R Biol 2011; 334: 1-5 doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2010.11.008
• 2 Cook JL, Rio E, Purdam CR. et al. Revisiting the continuum model of tendon pathology: What is its merit in clinical practice and research?. Br J Sports Med. 28.04.2016 bjsports-2015
• 3 Khan KM, Scott A. Mechanotherapy: How physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2009; 43: 247-252 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.054239
• 4 Thompson WR, Scott A, Loghmani MT. et al. Understanding mechanobiology: Physical therapists as a force in mechanotherapy and musculoskeletal regenerative rehabilitation. Physical Therapy 01.04.2016; 96 (04) 560-9 doi:10.2522/ptj.20150224
• 5 Bleakley CM, Glasgow P, MacAuley DC. PRICE needs updating, should we call the POLICE?. Br J Sports Med 03/2012; VOL 12 46 (04) 220-221 (Bleakley et al. 2012a). doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011–090297
• 6 Turner CH. Toward a mathematical description of bone biology: The principal of cellular accommodation. Calcif Tissue Int 1999; 65: 466-71
• 7 Schriefer J, Warden SL, Saxon LK. et al. Cellular accommodation and the response of bone to mechanical loading. J Biomech 2005; 38: 1838-45 doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.08.017
• 8 Arampatzis A, Pepper A, Bierbaum S. et al. Plasticity of human Achilles tendon mechanical and morphological properties in response to cyclic strain. J Biomech 01.12.2010; 43 (16) 3073-9 doi:10.1016/j.jbopmech.2010.08.014
• 9 Järvinen TA, Järvinen TL, Kääriäinen M. et al. Muscle injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 07/2005; 33 (05) 745-64 doi:10.1177/1941738113480934
• 10 Hopkins JT, Hunter I, McLoda T. Effects of ankle joint cooling on peroneal short latency response. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 2006; 5 (02) 333
• 11 Bleakley CM, Costello JT, Glasgow PD. Should athletes return to sport after applying ice?. Sports Medicine 2012; 42 (01) 69-87 (Bleakley et al. 2012b). doi:10.2165/11595970–000000000–00000
• 12 Ingersoll CD, Knight KL, Merrick MA. Sensory perception of the foot and ankle following therapeutic application of heat and cold. Journal of Athletic Training 1992; 27: 231-234
• 13 La Riviere J, Osternig LR. The effect of ice immersion on joint position sense. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1994; 3: 58-67 doi:10.1123/jsr.3.1.58
• 14 Rein S, Hagert E, Hanisch U. et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of sensory nerve endings in ankle ligaments: A cadaver study. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 197 (01) 64-76 doi:10.1159/000339877
• 15 Sedory EJ, McVey ED, Cross KM. Arthrogenic muscle response of the quadriceps and hamstrings with chronic ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training 07/2007; 42 (03) 355
• 16 Andersson T, Eliasson P, Aspenberg P. Tissue memory in healing tendons: Short loading episodes stimulate healing. Journal of Applied Physiology 01.08.2009; 107 (02) 417-21 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00414.2009
• 17 Seki K, Kizuka T, Yamada H. Reduction in maximal firing rate of motoneurones after 1-week immobilization of finger muscle in human subjects. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology 2007; 17 (02) 112-20 doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.10.008
• 18 Liepert J, Tegenthoff M, Malin JP, Changes of cortical motor area size during immobilization. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 97: 382–386.
• 19 Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Effects of immobilization on contractile properties, recruitment and firing rates of human motor units,. J Physiol 1990; 422: 55-65
• 20 Hopkins JT, Coglianese M, Glasgow P. et al. Alterations in evertor/invertor muscle activation and center of pressure trajectory in participants with functional ankle instability. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 2012; 22: 280-285 doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.11.012
• 21 Dempsey AR, Lloyd DG, Elliott BC. et al. The effect of technique change on knee loads during sidestep cutting. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2007; 39 (10) 1765-1773 doi.10.1249/mss.0b013e31812f56d
• 22 Borsa PABorsa PA, Laudner KG, Sauers EL. Mobility and stability adaptations in the shoulder of the overhead athlete: A theoretical and evidence-based perspective. Sports Med 2008; 38 (01) 17-36
• 23 Jacobs JV, Henry SM, Nagle KJ. People with chronic low back pain exhibit decreased variability in the timing of their anticipatory postural adjustments. Behavioral Neuroscience 2009; 123 (02) 455-458 doi:10.1037/a0014479
• 24 Bernstein N. The Coordination and Regulation of Movements. Pergamon Press; 1967
• 25 Mosknes H, Glasgow P. Principles of sports injury rehabilitation. In: Brukner. et al., (eds.) Brukner and Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine. 5th edition. 2017. McGraw Hill Education; North Ryde: