Persönliche Strahlenschutzmittel und Dosimetrie des medizinischen Personals in der interventionellen Radiologie: Aktueller Status und neue Entwicklungen

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Röntgenstrahlen haben ein sehr breites Anwendungsspektrum in der Medizin. Mit dem Trend zu minimalinvasiven Eingriffen steigen besonders die Zahlen Computertomografie- (CT) und durchleuchtungsgesteuerter Interventionen. Mit der zunehmenden Komplexität der Eingriffe steigt außerdem die Untersuchungsdauer und damit häufig auch die Expositionsdauer. Um das medizinische Personal vor allem vor der Streustrahlung zu schützen, gibt es eine Vielzahl von persönlichen Strahlenschutzmitteln. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen Überblick über die verfügbaren Systeme, ihre Effektivität bezüglich des persönlichen Strahlenschutzes und der entsprechenden Dosimetrie geben.

Methode Literaturrecherche, vor allem in pubmed mit den Schlüsselwörtern: Strahlenschutz, Augenlinsendosis, Strahlenexposition in der interventionellen Radiologie, Katarakt, Tumorrisiko, Dosimetrie in der interventionellen Radiologie und Strahlendosimetrie.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Ein optimaler Strahlschutz sieht immer eine Kombination aus unterschiedlichen Strahlenschutzmitteln bzw. Methoden vor. Der Strahlenschutz und das Monitoring des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs, vor allem der Augenlinse, hat weiterhin Entwicklungs- und Akzeptanzbedarf. Hier werden neue Bleiglas-Brillen mit integrierten Dosimetern erwartet, damit zukünftig die genaue Dosis bestimmt und somit das Kataraktrisiko reduziert werden kann.

Kernaussagen: 

• Die richtige Kombination aus Strahlenschutzmittel und entsprechender Dosimetrie erhöht die Sicherheit beim Umgang mit Röntgenstrahlen.

Zitierweise

• König AM, Etzel R, Thomas RP et al. Personal Radiation Protection and Corresponding Dosimetry in Interventional Radiology: An Overview and Future Developments. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 512 – 521

Key words

interventional procedures - physics - radiation effects - radiation safety - safety

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