Reproducibility of Inert Gas Rebreathing Method to Estimate Cardiac Output at Rest and During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Stress Testing

Nduka Charles Okwose; Jie Zhang; Shakir Chowdhury; David Houghton; Srdjan Ninkovic; Saša Jakovljević; Branislav Jevtic; Robert Ropret; Christopher Eggett; Matthew Bates; Guy MacGowan; Djordje Jakovljevic

doi:10.1055/a-0809-5408

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Table of Contents

Int J Sports Med 2019; 40(02): 125-132
DOI: 10.1055/a-0809-5408

Training & Testing

Reproducibility of Inert Gas Rebreathing Method to Estimate Cardiac Output at Rest and During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Stress Testing

Authors

Nduka Charles Okwose

¹Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle university, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Jie Zhang

²Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Shakir Chowdhury

¹Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle university, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
David Houghton

³Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle university, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Srdjan Ninkovic

⁴Department of Surgery, University of Kragujevac and Clinical Centre Kragujavac, Kragujevac, Serbia
Saša Jakovljević

⁵Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Тheory and methodology of Basketball, Belgrade, Serbia
Branislav Jevtic

⁶Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Robert Ropret

⁶Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Christopher Eggett

⁷Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

⁸Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Echocardiography, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Matthew Bates

⁹James Cook University Hospital, Cardiothoracic Department, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Guy MacGowan

¹Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle university, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

¹⁰Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cardio-thoracic Department, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Djordje Jakovljevic

¹Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle university, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

¹¹Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cardiovascular Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

¹²Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Clinical Exercise Physiology, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Abstract

The present study evaluated reproducibility of the inert gas rebreathing method to estimate cardiac output at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Thirteen healthy subjects (10 males, 3 females, ages 23–32 years) performed maximal graded cardiopulmonary exercise stress test using a cycle ergometer on 2 occasions (Test 1 and Test 2). Participants cycled at 30-watts/3-min increments until peak exercise. Hemodynamic variables were assessed at rest and during different exercise intensities (i. e., 60, 120, 150, 180 watts) using an inert gas rebreathing technique. Cardiac output and stroke volume were not significantly different between the 2 tests at rest 7.4 (1.6) vs. 7.1 (1.2) liters min⁻¹, p=0.54; 114 (28) vs. 108 (15) ml beat⁻¹, p=0.63) and all stages of exercise. There was a significant positive relationship between Test 1 and Test 2 cardiac outputs when data obtained at rest and during exercise were combined (r=0.95, p<0.01 with coefficient of variation of 6.0%), at rest (r=0.90, p<0.01 with coefficient of variation of 5.1%), and during exercise (r=0.89, p<0.01 with coefficient of variation 3.3%). The mean difference and upper and lower limits of agreement between repeated measures of cardiac output at rest and peak exercise were 0.4 (−1.1 to 1.8) liter min⁻¹ and 0.5 (−2.3 to 3.3) liter min⁻¹, respectively. The inert gas rebreathing method demonstrates an acceptable level of test-retest reproducibility for estimating cardiac output at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise testing at higher metabolic demands.

Key words

cardiac output - cardiopulmonary exercise testing - inert gas rebreathing

Full Text

References

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