Biozide Wirkstoffe und Biofilm – Entwicklung, Fixierung und Entfernung

Biofilme finden sich im Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen nosokomialen Infektionsarten nicht nur an Medizinprodukten, sondern auch auf anderen Flächen, die mit Desinfektionsmitteln behandelt werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie unterschiedlich ausgewählte biozide Wirkstoffe aus Desinfektionsmitteln sich auf die Biofilmbildung, -fixierung und -entfernung auswirken.

Kernaussagen

• Der ideale biozide Wirkstoff hemmt die Biofilmbildung, führt zu keiner Fixierung eines vorhandenen Biofilms, sondern reduziert diesen möglichst stark.

• Die Wirkung von bioziden Wirkstoffen ist gegenüber Bakterien im Biofilm meist deutlich eingeschränkt.

• In subletaler Konzentration können Chlorhexidin und Benzalkoniumchlorid bei einigen Spezies die Biofilmbildung verstärken. Deshalb sind in der Hautantiseptik der Nutzen und die Risiken besonders sorgfältig abzuwägen.

• Zur Flächen- und Instrumentendesinfektion weist Peressigsäure mit einer reduzierten Biofilmbildung, einer schwachen bzw. mäßigen Biofilmfixierung und einer mäßigen bis starken Biofilmentfernung das günstigste Gesamtbild auf.

• Das günstigste Gesamtbild der bioziden Wirkstoffen zur Wund- oder Schleimhautantiseptik weist PVP-Iod auf. Die Biofilmbildung wird entweder reduziert oder nicht beeinflusst. Die Biofilmentfernung ist meist stark, kann aber auch – in Abhängigkeit vom Erreger – mäßig oder gering sein.

Schlüsselwörter

Biofilm - Biozid - Krankenhaushygiene

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