Exzessive Gewichtszunahme und Adipositas in der Schwangerschaft: Zusammenhänge zur psychischen Gesundheit der Mutter nach der Entbindung

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie Adipositas, eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme und psychische Belastungen während der Schwangerschaft sind mit erheblichen gesundheitlichen Risiken für die Mutter und das ungeborene Kind verbunden. Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung der Prävalenz von Adipositas und einer exzessiven Gewichtszunahme sowie von Zusammenhängen zur psychischen Gesundheit der Mutter nach der Entbindung.

Methodik In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden 774 Frauen im Alter zwischen 18 und 43 Jahren. Die postpartale psychische Gesundheit wurde mithilfe des BDI-II und der SCL-90-R erfasst.

Ergebnisse 47,3 % der Frauen wiesen eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme auf. Die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas betrug 15,4 % bzw. 7,6 %. Übergewicht und Adipositas waren relativ zum Normalgewicht mit einem höheren Risiko für eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme assoziiert (2,92 ≤ OR ≤ 3,75; p < 0,001; p = 0,008). Eine exzessive Gewichtszunahme war mit einem höheren Risiko für Makrosomie assoziiert (OR = 2,06; 95 % CI: 1,21–3,50). Für Adipositas zeigte sich eine Tendenz für ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine klinisch relevante postpartale depressive Symptomatik (OR = 2,16; 95 % CI: 0,99–4,69; p = 0,052).

Schlussfolgerung Adipositas und exzessive Gewichtszunahme in der Schwangerschaft stellen auch in unserer Stichprobe ein häufiges und ernstzunehmendes Problem dar. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit effektiver Präventionsprogramme sowie der Berücksichtigung der mütterlichen psychischen Gesundheit.

Abstract

Purpose Obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and mental disorders during pregnancy are associated with substantial health risks for both the mother and the unborn child. It was the aim of this study to examine the prevalence of pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain as well as associations with maternal postpartum mental health.

Methods A total of 774 women aged between 18 and 43 years were included in the study. Maternal postpartum mental health was assessed using the BDI-II and the SCL-90-R.

Results 47,3 % exhibited excessive gestational weight gain while 15,4 % and 7,6 % entered pregnancy with overweight and obesity. Relative to normal weight, overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of excessive gestational weight gain (2,92 ≤ OR ≤ 3,75; p < 0,001). Excessive weight gain was associated with a higher risk of macrosomia (OR = 2,06; 95 % CI: 1,21–3,50; p = 0,008) while there was a trend for women with obesity to be at higher risk of clinically relevant postpartum depressive symptoms (OR = 2,16; 95 % CI: 0,99–4,69; p = 0,052).

Conclusions Obesity and excessive gestational weight gain were found to be prevalent obstetric risk conditions in our sample. The results underline the need for effective prevention programs and a stronger focus on maternal mental health.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - Schwangerschaft - Prävalenz - psychische Gesundheit

Key words

Obesity - Pregnancy - Prevalence - Mental Health

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