Internationale Klassifikation von Kopfschmerzerkrankungen

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• Literatur

• Migräne allgemein

• 1 Arruda MA, Guidetti V, Galli F, Albuquerque RC, Bigal ME. Primary headaches in childhood – a population-based study. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 1056-1064
• 2 Diener HC, Silberstein SD. Medication overuse headache. In Olesen J, Goadsby PJ, Ramadan NM, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KM. eds The Headaches. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 971-979
• 3 GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016; 388: 1545-1602
• 4 Gelfand AA, Fullerton HJ, Goadsby PJ. Child neurology: migraine with aura in children. Neurology 2010; 75 (05) e16-e19
• 5 Goadsby PJ. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of migraine. BMJ 2006; 332: 25-29
• 6 Goadsby PJ. Migraine pathophysiology. Headache 2005; 45 (Suppl. 01) S14-S24
• 7 Katsarava Z, Manack A, Yoon MS, Obermann M, Becker H, Dommes P. et al Chronic migraine: classification and comparisons. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 520-529
• 8 Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Steiner TJ, Silberstein SD, Olesen J. Classification of primary headaches. Neurology 2004; 63: 427-435
• 9 Martelletti P, Haimanot RT, Lainez MJ, Rapoport AM, Ravishankar K, Sakai F, Silberstein SD, Vincent M, Steiner TJ. The Global Campaign (GC) to Reduce the Burden of Headache Worldwide. The International Team for Specialist Education (ITSE). J Headache Pain 2005; 6: 261-263
• 10 Silberstein SD. Migraine. Lancet 2004; 363: 381-391
• 11 Vetvik KG, Macgregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Prevalence of menstrual migraine: a population-based study. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 280-288
• 12 Vetvik KG, Benth JŠ, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Menstrual versus non-menstrual attacks of migraine without aura in women with and without menstrual migraine. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 1261-1268
• 13 Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M. et al Years lived with disability (YLD) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2163-2196

• 1.2 Migräne mit Aura

• 14 Cao Y, Welch KM, Aurora S. et al Functional MRI-BOLD of visually triggered headache in patients with migraine. Arch Neurol 1999; 56: 548-554
• 15 Charles A, Brennan K. Cortical spreading depression – new insights and persistent questions. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 1115-1124
• 16 Cologno D, Torelli P, Manzoni GC. Migraine with aura: a review of 81 patients at 10–20 years’ follow-up. Cephalalgia 1998; 18: 690-696
• 17 Cutrer FM, Sorensen AG, Weisskoff RM. et al Perfusion-weighted imaging defects during spontaneous migrainous aura. Ann Neurol 1998; 43: 25-31
• 18 Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Andersen I. et al Clinical characteristics of 362 patients with familial migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 2004; 24: 564-575
• 19 Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. The Visual Aura Rating Scale (VARS) for migraine aura diagnosis. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 801-810
• 20 Giffin NJ, Lipton RB, Silberstein SD, Olesen J, Goadsby PJ. The migraine postdrome: An electronic diary study. Neurology 2016; 87: 309-313
• 21 Hadjikhani N, Sanchez del Rio M, Wu O. et al Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex. PNAS 2001; 98: 4687-4692
• 22 Hansen JM, Lipton R, Dodick D. et al Migraine headache is present in the aura phase – a prospective study. Neurology 2012; 79: 2044-2049
• 23 Jensen K, Tfelt-Hansen P, Lauritzen M. et al Classic migraine. A prospective recording of symptoms. Acta Neurol Scand 1986; 73: 359-362
• 24 Kallela M, Wessman M, Farkkila M. et al Clinical characteristics of migraine in a population-based twin sample: similarities and differences between migraine with and without aura. Cephalalgia 1999; 19: 151-158
• 25 Kelman L. The premonitory symptoms (prodrome): A tertiary care study of 893 migraineurs. Headache 2004; 44: 865-872
• 26 Lauritzen M. Pathophysiology of the migraine aura. The spreading depression theory. Brain 1994; 117 Pt 1 199-210
• 27 Leao AAP. Spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 1944; 7: 359-390
• 28 Lebedeva ER, Gurary NM, Gilev DV, Olesen J. Prospective testing of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura and migraine with typical aura in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Cephalalgia 2018; 38: 561-567
• 29 Li D, Christensen AF, Olesen J. Field-testing of the ICHD-3 beta/proposed ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 748-756
• 30 Olesen J, Friberg L, Olsen TS. et al Timing and topography of cerebral blood flow, aura, and headache during migraine attacks. Ann Neurol 1990; 28: 791-798
• 31 Queiroz LP, Friedman DI, Rapoport AM. et al Characteristics of migraine visual aura in Southern Brazil and Northern USA. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 1652-1658
• 32 Rasmussen BK, Olesen J. Migraine with aura and migraine without aura: an epidemiological study. Cephalalgia 1992; 12: 221-228 discussion 186
• 33 Salhofer-Polanyi S, Frantal S, Brannath W. et al Prospective analysis of factors related to migraine aura – The PAMINA Study. Headache 2012; 52: 1236-1245
• 34 Schoonman GG, Evers DJ, Terwindt GM. et al The prevalence of premonitory symptoms in migraine: a questionnaire study in 461 patients. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 1209-1213
• 35 Ulrich V, Gervil M, Kyvik KO. et al Evidence of a genetic factor in migraine with aura: A population-based Danish twin study. Ann Neurol 1999; 45: 242-246

• 1.2.1 Migräne mit typischer Aura

• 36 Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Implications of clinical subtypes of migraine with aura. Headache 2006; 46: 286-297
• 37 Hansen JM, Goadsby PJ, Charles AC. Variability of clinical features in attacks of migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 216-224
• 38 Matharu MJ, Goadsby PJ. Post-traumatic chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) with aura. Neurology 2001; 56: 273-275
• 39 Morrison DP. Abnormal perceptual experiences in migraine. Cephalalgia 1990; 10: 273-277
• 40 Silberstein SD, Niknam R, Rozen TD. et al Cluster headache with aura. Neurology 2000; 54: 219-221
• 41 Vianav M, Linde M, Sances G, Ghiotto N, Guaschino E, Allena M, Terrazzino S, Nappi G, Goadsby PJ, Tassorelli C. Migraine aura symptoms: duration, succession and temporal relationship to headache. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 413-421
• 42 Wijman CA, Wolf PA, Kase CS. et al Migrainous visual accompaniments are not rare in late life: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1998; 29: 1539-1543

• 1.2.2 Migräne mit Hirnstammaura

• 43 Ambrosini A, D’Onofrio M, Grieco GS. et al Familial basilar migraine associated with a new mutation in the ATP1A2 gene. Neurology 2005; 65: 1826-1828
• 44 Bickerstaff ER. Basilar artery migraine. Lancet 1961; i: 15
• 45 Caplan LR. Migraine and vertebrobasilar ischemia. Neurology 1991; 41: 55-61
• 46 Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Implications of clinical subtypes of migraine with aura. Headache 2006; 46: 286-297
• 47 Kirchmann M, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Basilar-type migraine: clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic features. Neurology 2006; 66: 880-886
• 48 Lempert T, Neuhauser H, Daroff RB. Vertigo as a symptom of migraine. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009; 1164: 242-251
• 49 Li D, Christensen AF, Olesen J. Field-testing of the ICHD-3 beta/proposed ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 748-756
• 50 Sturzenegger MH, Meienberg O. Basilar artery migraine: a follow-up study of 82 cases. Headache 1985; 25: 408-415
• 51 Swanson JW, Vick NA. Basilar artery migraine 12 patients, with an attack recorded electroencephalographically. Neurology 1978; 28: 782-786
• 52 Thomsen LL, Eriksen MK, Roemer SF. et al A population-based study of familial hemiplegic migraine suggests revised diagnostic criteria. Brain 2002; 125: 1379-1391
• 53 Thomsen LL, Ostergaard E, Olesen J. et al Evidence for a separate type of migraine with aura: sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Neurology 2003; 60: 595-601

• 1.2.3 Hemiplegische Migräne

• 54 Ambrosini A, D’Onofrio M, Grieco GS. et al Familial basilar migraine associated with a new mutation in the ATP1A2 gene. Neurology 2005; 65: 1826-1828
• 55 De Fusco M, Marconi R, Silvestri L. et al Haploinsufficiency of ATP1A2 encoding the Na + /K + pump alpha2 subunit associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Nat Genet 2003; 33: 192-196
• 56 de Vries B, Frants RR, Ferrari M. et al Molecular genetics of migraine. Human Genet 2009; 126: 115-132
• 57 Dichgans M, Freilinger T, Eckstein G. et al Mutation in the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A in familial hemiplegic migraine. Lancet 2005; 366: 371-377
• 58 Dreier JP, Jurkat-Rott K, Petzold GC. et al Opening of the blood-brain barrier preceding cortical edema in a severe attack of FHM type II. Neurology 2005; 64: 2145-2147
• 59 Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Implications of clinical subtypes of migraine with aura. Headache 2006; 46: 286-297
• 60 Hansen JM, Schytz HW, Larsen VA. et al Hemiplegic migraine aura begins with cerebral hypoperfusion: imaging in the acute phase. Headache 2011; 51: 1289-1296
• 61 Hansen JM, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. et al Coexisting typical migraine in familial hemiplegic migraine. Neurology 2010; 74: 594-600
• 62 Iizuka T, Takahashi Y, Sato M. et al Neurovascular changes in prolonged migraine aura in FHM with a novel ATP1A2 gene mutation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2012; 83: 205-212
• 63 Jurkat-Rott K, Freilinger T, Dreier JP. et al Variability of familial hemiplegic migraine with novel A1A2 Na + /K + -ATPase variants. Neurology 2004; 62: 1857-1861
• 64 Kirchmann M, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Basilar-type migraine: clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic features. Neurology 2006; 66: 880-886
• 65 Leo L, Gherardini L, Barone V. et al Increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression in the mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. PloS Genet 2011; 7: e1002129
• 66 Thomsen LL, Eriksen MK, Roemer SF. et al A population-based study of familial hemiplegic migraine suggests revised diagnostic criteria. Brain 2002; 125: 1379-1391
• 67 Thomsen LL, Kirchmann M, Bjornsson A. et al The genetic spectrum of a population-based sample of familial hemiplegic migraine. Brain 2007; 130: 346-356
• 68 Thomsen LL, Ostergaard E, Olesen J. et al Evidence for a separate type of migraine with aura: sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Neurology 2003; 60: 595-601
• 69 Vanmolkot KRJ, Kors EE, Turk U. et al Two de novo mutations in the Na,K-ATPase gene ATP1A2 associated with pure familial hemiplegic migraine. Eur J Human Genet 2006; 14: 555-560

• 1.2.4 Retinale Migräne

• 70 Carroll D. Retinal migraine. Headache 1970; 10: 9-13
• 71 Chronicle EP, Mulleners WM. Visual system dysfunction in migraine: a review of clinical and psychophysical findings. Cephalalgia 1996; 16: 525-535
• 72 Hedges TR. Isolated ophthalmic migraine in the differential diagnosis of cerebro-ocular ischemia. Stroke 1976; 7: 379-381
• 73 Grosberg BM, Solomon S, Friedman DI, Lipton RB. Retinal migraine reappraised. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 1275-1286
• 74 Hill DL, Daroff RB, Ducros A, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Most cases labeled as “retinal migraine” are not migraine. J Neuroophthalmol 2007; 27: 3-8
• 75 Martin TJ, Corbett JJ. Disorders of the eye. In Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Dalessio DJ. editors Wolff’s Headache and Other Head Pain. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001: 459-474
• 76 Troost T, Zagami AS. Ophthalmoplegic migraine and retinal migraine. In Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA. editors The Headaches. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000: 511-516

• 1.3 Chronische Migräne

• 77 Aurora SK. Is chronic migraine one end of a spectrum of migraine or a separate entity?. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 597-605
• 78 Bigal ME, Lipton RB. Concepts and mechanisms of migraine chronification. Headache 2008; 48: 7-15
• 79 Bigal M, Rapoport A, Sheftell F, Tepper S, Lipton R. The International Classification of Headache Disorders revised criteria for chronic migraine – field testing in a headache specialty clinic. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 230-234
• 80 Bigal ME, Serrano D, Reed M, Lipton RB. Chronic migraine in the population: burden, diagnosis, and satisfaction with treatment. Neurology 2008; 71: 559-566
• 81 Bigal ME, Sheftell FD, Rapoprt AM, Lipton RB, Tepper SJ. Chronic daily headache in a tertiary care population: correlation between the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria and proposed revisions of criteria for chronic daily headache. Cephalalgia 2002; 22: 432-438
• 82 Bloudek LM, Stokes M, Buse DC, Wilcox TK, Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Varon SF, Blumenfeld AM, Katsarava Z, Pascual J, Lanteri-Minet M, Cortelli P, Martelletti P. Cost of healthcare for patients with migraine in five European countries: results from the International Burden of Migraine Study (IBMS). J Headache Pain 2012; 13: 361-378
• 83 Buse DC, Manack AN, Fanning KM, Serrano D, Reed ML, Turkel CC, Lipton RB. Chronic migraine prevalence, disability, and sociodemographic factors. Results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study. Headache 2012; 52: 1456-1470
• 84 Buse D, Manack A, Serrano D, Reed M, Varon S, Turkel C, Lipton R. Headache impact of chronic and episodic migraine: results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention study. Headache 2012; 52: 3-17
• 85 Diamond S. A view of chronic daily headache. Headache Quart 2000; 11: 177
• 86 Diener HC, Dodick DW, Goadsby PJ, Lipton RB, Olesen J, Silberstein SD. Chronic migraine – classification, characteristics and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 2012; 8: 162-171
• 87 Goadsby PJ, Hargreaves R. Refractory migraine and chronic migraine: pathophysiological mechanisms. Headache 2008; 48: 799-804
• 88 Katsarava Z, Manack A, Yoon MS, Obermann M, Becker H, Dommes P, Turkel C, Lipton RB, Diener HC. Chronic migraine: classification and comparisons. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 520-529
• 89 Manzoni GC, Bonavita V, Bussone G, Cortelli P, Narbone MC, Cevoli S, D’Amico D, De Simone R, Torelli P. ANIRCEF (Associazione Neurologica Italiana Ricerca Cefalee). Chronic migraine classification: current knowledge and future perspectives. J. Headache Pain 2001; 12: 585-592
• 90 Mathew NT, Stubits E, Nigam MR. Transformation of migraine into daily headache: analysis of factors. Headache 1982; 22: 66-68
• 91 Mathew NT, Stubits E, Nigam MP. Transformed or evolutive migraine. Headache 1987; 27: 102-106
• 92 Natoli JL, Manack A, Dean B, Butler Q, Turkel CC, Stovner L, Lipton RB. Global prevalence of chronic migraine: a systematic review. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 599-609
• 93 Scher AI, Stewart WF, Liberman J, Lipton RB. Prevalence of frequent headache in a population sample. Headache 1998; 38: 497-506
• 94 Scher AI, Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Lipton RB. Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study. Pain 2003; 106: 81-89
• 95 Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Sliwinski M. Classification of daily and near-daily headaches: field trial of revised IHS criteria. Neurology 1996; 47: 871-875
• 96 Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Solomon S, Mathew NT. Classification of daily and near-daily headaches: proposed revisions to the IHS criteria. Headache 1994; 34: 1-7
• 97 Stewart WF, Scher AI, Lipton RB. Stressful life events and risk of chronic daily headache: results from the frequent headache epidemiology study. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 279
• 98 Yalın OÖ, Uluduz D, Özge A, Sungur MA, Selekler M, Siva A. Phenotypic features of chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 2016; 17: 26
• 99 Zeeberg P, Olesen J, Jensen R. Probable medication-overuse headache: the effect of a 2-month drug-free period. Neurology 2006; 66: 1894-1898
• 100 Zeeberg P, Olesen J, Jensen R. Medication overuse headache and chronic migraine in a specialized headache centre: field-testing proposed new Anhang criteria. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 214-220

• 1.4.1 Status migränosus

• 101 Akhtar ND, Murray MA, Rothner AD. Status migrainosus in children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2001; 8: 27-33
• 102 Beltramone M, Donnet A. Status migrainosus and migraine aura status in a French tertiary-care center: An 11-year retrospective analysis. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 633-637
• 103 Couch JR, Diamond S. Status migrainosus. Causative and therapeutic aspects. Headache 1983; 23: 94-101
• 104 Cure J, Rothrock J. Prolonged status migrainosus complicated by cerebellar infarction. Headache 2007; 47: 1091-1092
• 105 Gentile S, Rainero I, Daniele D, Binello E, Valfrè W, Pinessi L. Reversible MRI abnormalities in a patient with recurrent status migrainosus. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 687-690
• 106 Lanfranconi S, Corti S, Bersano A, Costa A, Prelle A, Sciacco M, Bresolin N, Ghione I. Aphasic and visual aura with increased vasogenic leakage: an atypical migrainosus status. J Neurol Sci 2009; 285: 227-229
• 107 Perucca P, Terzaghi M, Manni R. Status epilepticus migrainosus: clinical, electrophysiologic, and imaging characteristics. Neurology 2010; 75: 373-374
• 108 Raskin NH. Treatment of status migrainosus: the American experience. Headache 1990; 30 (Suppl. 02) 550-553

• 1.4.2 Anhaltende Aura ohne Hirninfarkt

• 109 Ambrosini A, de Noordhout AM, Schoenen J. Neuromuscular transmission in migraine patients with prolonged aura. Acta Neurol Belg 2001; 101: 166-170
• 110 Bento MS, Esperanca P. Migraine with prolonged aura. Headache 2000; 40: 52-53
• 111 Chen WT, Fuh JL, Lu SR, Wang SJ. Persistent migrainous visual phenomena might be responsive to lamotrigine. Headache 2001; 41: 823-825
• 112 Chen WT, Lin YY, Fuh JL, Hämäläinen MS, Ko YC, Wang SJ. Sustained visual cortex hyperexcitability in migraine with persistent visual aura. Brain 2011; 134 Pt 8 2387-2395
• 113 Evans RW, Lay CL. A persistent migraine aura. Headache 2000; 40: 696-698
• 114 Haan J, Sluis P, Sluis IH, Ferrari MD. Acetazolamide treatment for migraine aura status. Neurology 2000; 55: 1588-1589
• 115 Haas DC. Prolonged migraine aura status. Ann Neurol 1982; 11: 197-199
• 116 Lebedeva ER, Gurary NM, Gilev DV, Olesen J. Prospective testing of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura and migraine with typical aura in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Cephalalgia 2018; 38: 561-567
• 117 Liu GT, Schatz NJ, Galetta SK. et al Persistent positive visual phenomena in migraine. Neurology 1995; 45: 664-668
• 118 Luda E, Bo E, Sicuro L. et al Sustained visual aura: a totally new variation of migraine. Headache 1991; 31: 582-583
• 119 Relja G, Granato A, Ukmar M, Ferretti G, Antonello RM, Zorzon M. Persistent aura without infarction: decription of the first case studied with both brain SPECT and perfusion MRI. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 56-59
• 120 Rothrock JF. Successful treatment of persistent migraine aura with divalproex sodium. Neurology 1997; 48: 261-262
• 121 San-Juan OD, Zermeño PF. Migraine with persistent aura in a Mexican patient: case report and review of the literature. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 456-460
• 122 Smith M, Cros D, Sheen V. Hyperperfusion with vasogenic leakage by fMRI in migraine with prolonged aura. Neurology 2002; 58: 1308-1310
• 123 Wang YF, Fuh JL, Chen WT, Wang SJ. The visual aura rating scale as an outcome predictor for persistent visual aura without infarction. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 1298-1304

• 1.4.3 Migränöser Infarkt

• 124 Bono G, Minonzio G, Mauri M, Clerici AM. Complications of migraine: migrainous infarction. Clin Exp Hypertens 2006; 28: 233-242
• 125 Bousser MG, Conard J, Kittner S. et al Recommendations on the risk of ischemic stroke associated with use of combined oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy in women with migraine. The International Headache Society Task Force on Combined Oral Contraceptives & Hormone Replacement Therapy. Cephalalgia 2000; 20: 155-156
• 126 Chang CL, Donaghy M, Poulter N. Migraine and stroke in young women: case-control study. The World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. BMJ 1999; 318: 13-18
• 127 Connor CCR. Complicated migraine. A study of permanent neurological and visual defects. Lancet 1962; ii: 1072-1075
• 128 Laurell K, Artto V, Bendtsen L, Hagen K, Kallela M, Meyer EL, Putaala J, Tronvik E, Zwart JA, Linde M. Migrainous infarction: a Nordic multicenter study. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 1220-1226
• 129 MacGregor EA, Guillebaud J. Combined oral contraceptives, migraine and ischemic stroke. Clinical and Scientific Committee of the Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care and the Family Planning Association. Br J Fam Plann 1998; 24: 55-60
• 130 Olesen J, Friberg L, Olsen TS, Andersen AR, Lassen NA, Hansen PE. et al Ischaemia-induced (symptomatic) migraine attacks may be more frequent than migraine induced ischemic insults. Brain 1993; 116: 187-202
• 131 Rothrock JF, Walicke P, Swenson MR. et al Migrainous stroke. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 63-67
• 132 Schulz UG, Blamire AM, Davies P, Styles P, Rothwell PM. Normal cortical energy metabolism in migrainous stroke: A 31P-MR spectroscopy study. Stroke 2009; 40: 3740-3744
• 133 Tietjen GE. The relationship of migraine and stroke. Neuroepidemiology 2000; 19: 13-19
• 134 Tzourio C, Kittner SJ, Bousser MG. et al Migraine and stroke in young women. Cephalalgia 2000; 20: 190-199
• 135 Vollbracht S, Robbins MS, Kister I. Classification challenge in migrainous infarction. Headache 2014; 54: 170-171
• 136 Wolf ME, Szabo K, Griebe M, Förster A, Gass A, Hennerici MG, Kern R. Clinical and MRI characteristics of acute migrainous infarction. Neurology 2011; 76: 1911-1917

• 1.4.4 Epileptische Anfälle, durch Migräneaura getriggert

• 137 Belcastro V, Striano P, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DG, Villa MP, Parisi P. Migralepsy, hemicrania epileptica, post-ictal headache and “iktaler Kopfschmerz bei Epilepsie”: a proposal for terminology and classification revision. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 289-294
• 138 Davies PT, Panayiotopoulos CP. Migraine triggered seizures and epilepsy triggered headache and migraine attacks: a need for re-assessment. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 287-288
• 139 Friedenberg S, Dodick DW. Migraine-associated seizure: a case of reversible MRI abnormalities and persistent nondominant hemisphere syndrome. Headache 2000; 40: 487-490
• 140 Maggioni F, Mampreso E, Ruffatti S, Viaro F, Lunardelli V, Zanchin G. Migralepsy: is the current definion too narrow?. Headache 2008; 48: 1129-1132
• 141 Marks DA, Ehrenberg BL. Migraine-related seizures in adults with epilepsy, with EEG correlation. Neurology 1993; 43: 2476-2483
• 142 Merlino G, Valente MR, D’Anna S, Gigli GL. Seizures with prolonged EEG abnormalities during an attack of migraine without aura. Headache 2007; 47: 919-922
• 143 Parisi P. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenitè DGA. “Migralepsy”: a call for revision of the definition. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 932-933
• 144 Rogawski MA. Common pathophysiologic mechanisms in migraine and epilepsy. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 709-714
• 145 Sances G, Guaschino E, Perucca P, Allena M, Ghiotto N, Manni R. Migralepsy: a call for revision of the definition. Epilepsia 2009; 50: 2487-2496
• 146 Ter Berg HW. Migraine-associated seizure: a case of reversible MRI abnormalities and persistent nondominant hemisphere syndrome. Headache 2001; 41: 326-328
• 147 Velioglu SK, Ozmenoglu M. Migraine-related seizures in an epileptic population. Cephalalgia 1999; 19: 797-801
• 148 Verrotti A, Coppola G, Di Fonzo A, Tozzi E, Spalice A, Aloisi P, Bruschi R, Iannetti P, Villa MP, Parisi P. Should “migralepsy” be considered an obsolete concept? A multicenter retrospective clinical/EEG study and review of the literature. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21: 52-59

• 1.5 Wahrscheinliche Migräne

• 149 Granella F, Alessandro RD, Manzoni GC. et al International Headache Society classification: interobserver reliability in the diagnosis of primary headaches. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 16-20
• 150 Rains JC, Penzien DB, Lipchik GL. et al Diagnosis of migraine: empirical analysis of a large clinical sample of atypical migraine (IHS 1.7) patients and proposed revision of the IHS criteria. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 584-595
• 151 Rasmussen BK, Jensen R, Olesen J. A population-based analysis of the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia 1991; 11: 129-134
• 152 Russell MB, Olesen J. Migrainous disorder and its relation to migraine without aura and migraine with aura. A genetic epidemiological study. Cephalalgia 1996; 16: 431-435

• 1.6.1 Rezidivierende gastrointestinale Störungen

• 153 Abu-Arafeh I, Russel G. Prevalence and clinical features of abdominal migraine compared with those of migraine headache. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: 413-417
• 154 Al-Twaijri WA, Shevell MI. Pediatric migraine equivalents: occurrence and clinical features in practice. Pediatr Neurol 2002; 26: 365-368
• 155 Dignan F, Abu-Arafeh I, Russell G. The prognosis of childhood abdominal migraine. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84: 415-418
• 156 Drossman DA, Dumitrascu DL. Rome III: New standard for functional gastrointestinal disorders. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2006; 15: 237-241
• 157 Farquar HA. Abdominal migraine in children. BMJ 1956; i: 1082-1085
• 158 Fleisher DR. Cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine. J Pediatr 1999; 134: 533-535
• 159 Haan J, Kors EE, Ferrari MD. Familial cyclic vomiting syndrome. Cephalalgia 2002; 22: 552-554
• 160 Li BU. Cyclic vomiting syndrome: age-old syndrome and new insights. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2001; 8: 13-21
• 161 Li BUK, Lefevre F, Chelimsky GG, Boles RG, Nelson SP, Lewis DW, Linder SL, Issenman RM, Rudolph CD. NASPGHAN Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of CVS. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 47: 379-393
• 162 Rashed H, Abell TL, Familoni BO. et al Autonomic function in cyclic vomiting syndrome and classic migraine. Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44 (Suppl. 08) 74S-78S
• 163 Russell G, Abu-Arafeh I, Symon DN. Abdominal migraine: evidence for existence and treatment options. Paediatr Drugs 2002; 4: 1-8
• 164 Thiessen PN. Recurrent abdominal pain. Pediatr Rev 2002; 23: 39-46
• 165 Welch KM. Scientific basis of migraine: speculation on the relationship to cyclic vomiting. Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44 (Suppl. 08) 26S-30S

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• 1.6.3 Gutartiger paroxysmaler Torticollis

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• 4.2 Primärer Anstrengungskopfschmerz

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• 4.4 Primärer Donnerschlagkopfschmerz

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• 4.5 Primärer kältebedingter Kopfschmerz

• 347 Bird N, MacGregor A, Wilkinson MIP. Ice-cream headache – site, duration, and relationship to migraine. Headache 1992; 32: 35-38
• 348 Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. Ice cream headaches with cryotherapy of actinic keratoses. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45: 1116-1117
• 349 Drummond PD, Lance JW. Neurovascular disturbances in headache patients. Clin Exp Neurol 1984; 20: 93-99
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• 352 Kaczorowski M, Kaczorowski J. Ice-cream evoked headaches (ICE-H) study: randomised trial of accelerated versus cautious ice-cream eating regimen. BMJ 2002; 21: 1445-1446
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• 355 Selekler HM, Erdogan MS, Budak F. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of an experimental model of ‘ice-cream headache’ in migraine and episodic tension-type headache patients. Cephalalgia 2004; 24: 293-297

• 4.6 Kopfschmerz durch Einwirkung von Druck oder Zug auf den Kopf

• 356 Blau JN. Ponytail headache: a pure extracranial headache. Headache 2004; 44: 411-413
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• 4.7 Primärer stechender Kopfschmerz

• 359 Dangond F, Spierings EL. Idiopathic stabbing headaches lasting a few seconds. Headache 1993; 33: 257-258
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• 363 Martins IP, Parreira E, Costa I. Extratrigeminal ice-pick status. Headache 1995; 35: 107-110
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• 365 Raskin NH, Schwartz RK. Icepick-like pain. Neurology 1980; 30: 203-205
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• 368 Sjaastad O, Pettersen H, Bakketeig LS. The Vågå study; epidemiology of headache I: the prevalence of ultrashort paroxysms. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 207-215
• 369 Sjaastad O, Pettersen H, Bakketeig LS. Long-lasting cephalic jabs (?) The Vågå study of headache epidemiology. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 581-592
• 370 Soriani S, Battistella PA, Arnaldi C, De Carlo L, Cernetti R, Corra S, Tosato G. Juvenile idiopathic stabbing headache. Headache 1996; 36: 565-567

• 4.8 Münzkopfschmerz

• 371 Cuadrado ML, Valle B, Fernández de las Peñas C, Barriga FJ, Pareja JA. Bifocal nummular headache: the first three cases. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 583-586
• 372 Cuadrado ML, Valle B, Fernández de las Peñas C. et al Pressure pain sensitivity of the head in patients with nummular headache: a cartographic study. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 200-206
• 373 Fernández-de-las Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Barriga FJ, Pareja JA. Local decrease of pressure pain threshold in nummular headache. Headache 2006; 46: 1195-1198
• 374 Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Barriga FJ, Pareja JA. Pericranial tenderness is not related to nummular headache. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 182-186
• 375 Grosberg BM, Solomon S, Lipton RB. Nummular headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2007; 11: 310-312
• 376 Guerrero AL, Cortijo E, Herrero-Velázquez S, Mulero P, Miranda S, Peñas ML, Pedraza MI, Fernández R. Nummular headache with and without exacerbations: comparative characteristics in a series of 72 patients. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 649-653
• 377 Moon J, Ahmed K, Garza I. Case series of sixteen patients with nummular headache. Cephalalgia 2010; 12: 1527-1530
• 378 Pareja JA, Caminero AB, Serra J, Barriga FJ, Dobato JL, Barón M, Vela L, Sánchez del Río M. Numular headache: a coin-shaped cephalgia. Neurology 2002; 58: 1678-1679
• 379 Pareja JA, Cuadrado ML, Fernández de las Peñas C, Nieto C, Sols M, Pinedo M. Nummular headache with trophic changes inside the painful area. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 186-190
• 380 Pareja JA, Montojo T, Alvarez M. Nummular Headache Update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2012; 12: 118-124
• 381 Pareja JA, Pareja J, Barriga FJ, Barón M, Dobato JL, Pardo J. Sánchez C, Vela L. Nummular headache. A prospective series of 14 new cases. Headache 2004; 44: 611-614
• 382 Ruscheweyh R, Buchheister A, Gregor N, Jung A, Evers S. Nummular headache: six new cases and lancinating pain attacks as possible manifestation. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 249-253

• 4.9 Schlafgebundener Kopfschmerz

• 383 Centonze V, D’Amico D, Usai S, Causarano V, Bassi A, Bussone G. First Italian case of hypnic headache, with literature review and discussion of nosology. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 71-74
• 384 Dodick DW. Polysomnography in hypnic headache syndrome. Headache 2000; 40: 748-752
• 385 Dodick DW, Jones JM, Capobianco DJ. Hypnic headache: another indomethacin-responsive headache syndrome?. Headache 2000; 40: 830-835
• 386 Donnet A, Lantéri-Minet M. A consecutive series of 22 cases of hypnic headache in France. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 928-934
• 387 Evers S, Goadsby PJ. Hypnic headache: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment. Neurology 2003; 60: 905-909
• 388 Gil-Gouveia R, Goadsby PJ. Secondary “hypnic headache”. J Neurol 2007; 254: 646-654
• 389 Holle D, Naegel S, Krebs S, Gaul C, Gizewski E, Diener HC, Katsarava Z, Obermann M. Hypothalamic gray matter volume loss in hypnic headache. Ann Neurol 2011; 69: 533-539
• 390 Holle D, Naegel S, Krebs S, Katsarava Z, Diener HC, Gaul C, Obermann M. Clinical characteristics and therapeutic options in hypnic headache. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 1435-1442
• 391 Holle D, Wessendorf TE, Zaremba S, Naegel S, Diener HC, Katsarava Z, Gaul C, Obermann M. Serial polysomnography in hypnic headache. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 286-290
• 392 Liang JF, Fuh JL, Yu HY, Hsu CY, Wang SJ. Clinical features, polysomnography and outcome in patients with hypnic headache. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 209-215
• 393 Liang JF, Wang SJ. Hypnic headache: A review of clinical features, therapeutic options and outcomes. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 795-805
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• 395 Peres MF, Masruha MR, Zukerman E, Moreira-Filho CA, Cavalheiro EA. Potential therapeutic use of melatonin in migraine and Andere Kopfschmerzerkrankungen. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15: 367-375
• 396 Raskin NH. The hypnic headache syndrome. Headache 1988; 28: 534-536

• 4.10 Neu aufgetretener täglicher Kopfschmerz

• 397 Bigal ME, Lipton RB, Tepper SJ, Rapoport AM, Sheftell FD. Primary chronic daily headache and its subtypes in adolescents and adults. Neurology 2004; 14: 843-847
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• 399 Castillo J, Munoz P, Guitera V, Pascual J. Epidemiology of chronic daily headache in the general population. Headache 1999; 39: 190-196
• 400 Chakravarty A. Chronic daily headache in children and adolescents: a clinic based study from India. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 795-800
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• 402 Evans RW. New daily persistent headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2003; 7: 303-307
• 403 Evans RW, Rozen TD. Etiology and treatment of new daily persistent headache. Headache 2001; 41: 830-832
• 404 Goadsby PJ, Boes C. New daily persistent headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2002; 72 (Suppl. 02) ii6-ii9
• 405 Grande RB, Aaseth K, Lundqvist C. et al Prevalence of new daily persistent headache in the general population. The Akershus study of chronic headache. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 1149-1155
• 406 Kung E, Tepper SJ, Rapoport AM, Sheftell FD, Bigal ME. New daily persistent headache in the pediatric population. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 17-22
• 407 Li D, Rozen TD. The clinical characteristics of new daily persistent headache. Cephalalgia 2002; 22: 66-69
• 408 Mack KJ. New daily persistent headache in children and adults. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2009; 13: 47-51
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• 418 Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Solomon S, Mathew NT. Classification of daily and near daily headaches: proposed revisions to the IHS classification. Headache 1994; 34: 1-7
• 419 Takase Y, Nakano M, Tatsumi C, Matsuyama T. Clinical features, effectiveness of drug-based treatment, and prognosis of new daily persistent headache (NDPH): 30 cases in Japan. Cephalalgia 2004; 24: 955-959
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• 421 Young WB, Swanson JW. New daily-persistent headache: The switched-on headache. Neurology 2010; 74: 1338-1339
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• Einleitung

• 423 Aoki Y, Inokuchi R, Gunshin M, Yahagi N, Suwa H. Diffusion tensor imaging studies of mild traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2012; 83: 870-876
• 424 Chong CD, Schwedt TJ. White matter damage and brain network alterations in concussed patients: a review of recent diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional connectivity data. Current Pain and Headache Reports 2015; 19: 485
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• 438 Xu H, Pi H, Ma L, Su X, Wang J. Incidence of headache after traumatic brain injury in China: a large prospective study. World Neurosurgery 2016; 88: 289-296

• 5.1, 5.2 Akuter oder anhaltender Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine traumatische Verletzung des Kopfes

• 439 Afari N, Harder LH, Madra NJ, Heppner PS, Moeller-Bertram T, King C, Baker DG. PTSD, combat injury, and headache in Veterans Returning from Iraq/Afghanistan. Headache 2009; 49: 1267-1276
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• 5.3, 5.4 Akuter oder anhaltender Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein HWS-Beschleunigungstrauma

• 492 Obelieniene D, Schrader H, Bovim G, Miseviciene I, Sand T. Pain after whiplash: a prospective controlled inception cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1999; 66: 279-283
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• 5.5, 5.6 Akuter oder anhaltender Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Kraniotomie

• 497 De Benedittis G, Lorenzetti A, Spagnoli D, Migliore M, Tiberio F, Villani R. Postoperative pain in neurosurgery: a pilot study in brain surgery. Neurosurgery 1996; 38: 466-470
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• 505 Rocha-Filho PAS, Gherpelli JLD, De Siqueira JTT, Rabello GD. Post-craniotomy headache: characteristics, behavior and effect on quality of life in patients operated for treatment of supratentorial intracranial aneurysms. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 41-48
• 506 Rocha-Filho PAS, Gherpelli JLD, de Siqueira JTT, Rabello GD. Post-craniotomy headache: a proposed revision of IHS diagnostic criteria. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 560-566
• 507 Schaller B, Baumann A. Headache after removal of vestibular schwannoma via the retrosigmoid approach: a long-term follow-up study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 2003; 128: 387-395
• 508 Thibault M, Girard F, Moumdijian R, Chouinard P, Boudreault D, Ruel M. Craniotomy site influences postoperative pain following neurosurgical procedures: a retrospective study. Can J Anesth 2007; 54: 544-548
• 509 Vijayan N. Postoperative headache in acoustic neuroma. Headache 1995; 2: 98-100

• 6.1.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen ischämischen Infarkt (zerebraler Infarkt)

• 510 Ferro JM, Melo TP, Oliveira V, Salgado AV, Crespo M, Canhao P, Pinto AN. A multivariate study of headache associated with ischemic stroke. Headache 1995; 35: 315-319
• 511 Gorelick PB, Hier DB, Caplan LR, Langenberg D. Headache in acute cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1986; 36: 1445-1450
• 512 Hansen AP, Marcussen NS, Klit H, Kasch H, Jensen TS, Finnerup NB. Development of persistent headache following stroke: a 3-year follow-up. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 399-409
• 513 Lopes Azevedo L, Breder R, de A Santos DP, de Freitas GR. Ischemic stroke presenting as thunderclap headache: report of two cases and review of the literature. Eur Neurol 2011; 66: 133-135
• 514 Portenoy RK, Abissi CJ, Lipton RB, Berger AR, Mebler MF, Baglivo J, Solomon S. Headache in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1984; 15: 1009-1012
• 515 Schwedt TJ, Dodick DW. Thunderclap stroke: embolic cerebellar infarcts presenting as thunderclap headache. Headache 2006; 46: 520-522
• 516 Verdelho A, Ferro JM, Melo T, Canhao P, Falcao F. Headache in acute stroke. A prospective study in the first 8 days. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 346-354

• 6.1.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine transitorische ischämische Attacke (TIA)

• 517 Caplan LR. Migraine and vertebrobasilar ischemia. Neurology 1991; 41: 55-61
• 518 Ferro JM, Costa I, Melo TP, Canhao P, Oliveira V, Salgado AV, Crespo M, Pinto AN. Headache associated with transient ischemic attacks. Headache 1995; 35: 544-548
• 519 Fisher CM. Migraine accompaniments versus arteriosclerotic ischemia. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1968; 93: 211-213
• 520 Fisher CM. Cerebral ischemia: less familiar types. Clin Neurosurg 1971; 18: 267-336
• 521 Fisher CM. Late-life migraine accompaniements as a cause of unexplained transient ischemic attacks. Can J Med Sci 1980; 7: 9-17
• 522 Martsen BH, Sorensen PS, Marquardsen J. Transient ischemic attacks in young patients: a thromboembolic or migrainous manifestation? A ten-year follow-up of 46 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1990; 53: 1029-1033

• 6.2.1 Akuter Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine nicht-traumatische intrazerebrale Blutung

• 523 Abadie V, Jacquin A, Daubail B, Vialatte AL, Lainay C, Durier J, Osseby GV, Giroud M, Béjot Y. Prevalence and prognostic value of headache on early mortality in acute stroke: the Dijon Stroke Registry. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 887-894
• 524 Ferro JM, Melo TP, Guerreiro M. Headaches in intracerebral hemorrhage survivors. Neurology 1998; 50: 203-207
• 525 Jensen TS, Gorrelick PB. Headache associated with stroke and intracranial hematoma. In: The Headaches Olesen J, Telt-Hansen P, Welch KMA. eds Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000: 781-787
• 526 Melo TP, Pinto AN, Ferro JM. Headache in intracerebral hematomas. Neurology 1996; 47: 494-500
• 527 Schuaib A, Metz L, Hing T. Migraine and intra-cerebral hemorrhage. Cephalalgia 1989; 9: 59-61
• 528 Verdelho A, Ferro JM, Melo T, Canhao P, Falcao F. Headache in acute stroke. A prospective study in the first 8 days. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 346-354

• 6.2.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine nicht-traumatische Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB)

• 529 Bassi P, Bandera R, Loiero M, Togoni G, Mangoni A. Warning signs in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a cooperative tudy. Acta Neurol Scand 1991; 84: 277-281
• 530 Edlow JA, Caplan LR. Avoiding pitfalls in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. NEJM 2000; 342: 29-36
• 531 Evans RW. Diagnostic testing for the evaluation of headaches. Neurology Clinics 1996; 14: 1-26
• 532 Graff-Radford J, Fugate JE, Klaas J, Flemming KD, Brown RD, Rabinstein AA. Distinguishing clinical and radiological features of non-traumatic convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23: 839-846
• 533 Linn FHH, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, van Gijn J. Headache characteristics in subarachnoid haemorrhage and benign thunderclap headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1998; 65: 791-793
• 534 Mayberg MR, Batjer HH, Dacey R, Diringer M, Haley EC, Heros RC, Sternau LL, Torner J, Adams HP, Feinberg W, Thies W. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Stroke 1994; 25: 2315-2328
• 535 Ramirez-Lassepas M, Espinosa CE, Cicero JJ, Johnston KL, Cipolle RJ, Barber DL. Predictors of intracranial pathologic findings in patients who seek emergency care because of headache. Arch Neurol 1997; 54: 1506-1509
• 536 Rico M, Benavente L, Para M, Santamarta E, Pascual J, Calleja S. Headache as a crucial symptom in the etiology of convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Headache 2014; 54: 545-550
• 537 Seymour JJ, Moscati RM, Jehle DV. Response of headaches to non-narcotic analgesics resulting in missed intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Emerg Med 1995; 13: 43-45
• 538 Sidman R, Vconnolly E, Lemke T. Subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis : lumbar puncture is still needed when the computed tomography scan is normal. Acad Emerg Med 1996; 3: 827-831
• 539 Van der Wee N, Rinkel GJE, Hasan D, van Gijn J. Detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage on early CT: is lumbar puncture still needed after a negative scan?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1995; 58: 357-359
• 540 Verweij RD, Wijdicks EFM, van Gijn J. Warning headache in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A case control study. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 1019-1020
• 541 Weir B. Diagnostic aspects of SAH. In Weir B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: causes and cures. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998: 144-176

• 6.2.3 Akuter Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein nicht-traumatisches akutes Subduralhämatom (aSDH)

• 542 Chhiber SS, Singh JP. Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma of arterial origin: a report of four cases and review of literature. Neurol India 2010; 58: 654-658
• 543 Depreitere B, Van Calenbergh F, van Loon J. A clinical comparison of non-traumatic acute subdural haematomas either related to coagulopathy or of arterial origin without coagulopathy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2003; 145: 541-546
• 544 Koerbel A, Ernemann U, Freudenstein D. Acute subdural hematoma without subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by rupture of internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm: case report and review of literature. Br J Radiol 2005; 78: 646-650
• 545 Missori P, Fenga L, Maraglino C, Rocchi G, Nardacci B, Calderaro G, Salvati M, Delfini R. Spontaneous acute subdural hematomas. A clinical comparison with traumatic acute subdural hematomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2000; 142: 697-701
• 546 de Noronha RJ, Sharrack B, Hadjivassiliou M, Romanowski CA. Subdural haematoma: a potentially serious consequence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 752-755
• 547 Ogawa K, Oishi M, Mizutani T, Maejima S, Mori T. Dural arteriovenous fistula on the convexity presenting with pure acute subdural hematoma. Acta Neurol Belg 2010; 110: 190-192
• 548 Takahashi S, Shinoda J, Hayashi T. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in an Adult Patient Presenting as Headache and Acute Subdural Hematoma. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010; 21: 338-340

• 6.2.4 Anhaltender Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine frühere nicht-traumatische intrakranielle Blutung

• 549 Hansen AP, Marcussen NS, Klit H, Kasch H, Jensen TS, Finnerup NB. Development of persistent headache following stroke: a 3-year follow-up. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 399-409

• 6.3.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein nicht-rupturiertes sackförmiges Aneurysma

• 550 Byruma EP, McGregor JM, Christoforidisa GA. Thunderclap headache without subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with regrowth of previously coil-occluded aneurysms. Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30: 1059-1061
• 551 Day JW, Raskin NH. Thunderclap headache: symptom of unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Lancet 1986; 2: 1247-1248
• 552 Linn FHH, Wijdicks EFM, van der Graaf Y, Weerdesteyn-van Vliet FAC, Bartelds A, van Gijn J. Prospective study of sentinel headache in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 1994; 344: 590-593
• 553 Markus HS. A prospective follow-up of thunderclap headache mimicking subarachnoid haemorrhage. J. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1991; 54: 1117-1125
• 554 Mas JL, Baron JC, Bousser MG, Chiras J. Stroke, migraine and intracranial aneurysm: a case report. Stroke 1986; 17: 1019-1021
• 555 Ostergard JR, Ramadan N. Unruptured vascular malformations and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In
• 556 Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA. eds The Headaches. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000: 789-796
• 557 Raps EC, Rogers JD, Galetta DL, Solomon RA, Lennihan L, Klebanoff LM, Fink ME. The clinical spectrum of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Arch Neurol 1993; 50: 265-268
• 558 Schievink WI. Intracranial aneurysms. NEJM 1997; 336: 28-40
• 559 Wijdicks EFM, Kerkhoff H, van Gijn J. Long-term follow-up of 71 patients with thunderclap headache mimicking subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 1988; 2: 68-70

• 6.3.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine arterio-venöse Malformation (AVM)

• 560 Bruyn GW. Intracranial arteriovenous malformation and migraine. Cephalalgia 1984; 4: 191-207
• 561 Haas DC. Arteriovenous malformations and migraine : case reports and an analysis of the relationship. Headache 1991; 31: 509-513
• 562 Nomura M, Mori K, Tamase A, Kamide T, Seki S, Iida Y, Kawabata Y, Nakano T, Shima H, Taguchi H. Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula patients presenting with headache as an initial symptom. J Clin Med Res 2016; 8: 342-345
• 563 Troost BT, Mark LE, Maroon JC. Resolution of classic migraine after removal of an occipital lobe AVM. Ann Neurol 1979; 5: 199-201

• 6.3.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine durale arterio-venöse Fistel (DAVF)

• 564 Garza I. Images from headache: a “noisy” headache: dural arteriovenous fistula resembling new daily persistent headache. Headache 2008; 48: 1120-1121
• 565 Malek AM, Halbach VV, Dowd CF, Higashida RT. Diagnosis and treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 1998; 8: 445-468

• 6.3.4 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein kavernöses Angiom

• 566 Afridi S, Goadsby PJ. New onset migraine with a brain stem cavernous angioma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2003; 74: 680-682
• 567 Bellamio M, Anglani M, Mainardi F, Zanchin G, Maggioni F. Cluster headache: When to worry? Two case reports. Cephalalgia 2017; 37: 491-495
• 568 De Benedittis G. SUNCT syndrome associated with cavernous angioma of the brain stem. Cephalalgia 1996; 16: 503-506
• 569 Denier C, Labauge P, Brunereau L, Cavé-Riant F, Marchelli F, Arnoult M, Cecillon M, Maciazek J, Joutel A, Tournier-Lasserve E. Clinical features of cerebral cavernous malformations patients with krit1 mutations. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 213-220
• 570 Epstein MA, Beerman PH, Schut L. Cavernous angioma presenting as atypical facial and head pain. J Child Neurol 1990; 5: 27-30
• 571 Kivelev J, Niemela M, Kivisaari R, Hernesniemi J. Intraventricular cerebral cavernomas: a series of 12 patients and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 2010; 112: 140-149
• 572 Robinson JR, Awad IA, Little JR. Natural history of the cavernous angioma. J Neurosurg 1991; 75: 709-714

• 6.3.5 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine enzephalo-trigeminale oder leptomeningeale Angiomatose (Sturge-Weber-Syndrom)

• 573 Chabriat H, Pappata S, Traykov L, Kurtz A, Bousser MG. Angiomatose de Sturge Weber responsable d’une hémiplégie sans infarctus cérébral en fin de grossesse. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1996; 152: 536-541
• 574 Klapper J. Headache in Sturge-Weber syndrome. Headache 1994; 34: 521-522
• 575 Lisotto C, Mainardi F, Maggioni F, Zanchin G. Headache in Sturge–Weber syndrome: a case report and review of the Literature. Cephalalgia 2004; 24: 1001-1004
• 576 Pascual-Castroviejo I, Pascual-Pascual SI, Velazquez-Fragua R and Viano J. Sturge-Weber syndrome: study of 55 patients. Can J Neurol Sci 2008; 35: 301-307
• 577 Planche V, Chassin O, Leduc L, Regnier W, Kelly A, Colamarino R. Sturge-Weber syndrome with late onset hemiplegic migraine-like attacks and progressive unilateral cerebral atrophy. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 73-77
• 578 Shirley MD, Tang H, Gallione CJ, Baugher JD, Frelin LP, Cohen B, North PE, Marchuk DA, Comi AM, Pevsner J. Sturge-Weber syndrome and port-wine stains caused by somatic mutation in GNAQ. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1971-1979

• 6.4.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA)

• 579 Caselli RJ, Hunder GG. Neurologic aspects of giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1993; 19: 941-953
• 580 Gonzalez-Gay MA, Barros S, Lopez-Diaz MJ, Garcia-Porrua C, Sanchez-Andrade A, Llorca J. 2005; Giant cell arteritis: disease patterns of clinical presentation in a series of 240 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 84: 269-276
• 581 Hunder GG. Giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1990; 16: 399-409
• 582 Lee AG, Brazis PW. Temporal arteritis : a clinical approach. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 1364-1370
• 583 Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC, Dasgupta B, de Groot K, Gross W, Hauser T, Hellmich B, Jayne D, Kallenberg CG, Merkel PA, Raspe H, Salvarani C, Scott DG, Stegeman C, Watts R, Westman K, Witter J, Yazici H, Luqmani R. EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 318-323
• 584 Solomon S, Cappa KG. The headache of temporal arteritis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987; 35: 163-165
• 585 Thielen KR, Wydicks EFM, Nichols DA. Giant cell (temporal) arteritis: involvement of the vertebral and internal carotid arteries. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73: 444-446

• 6.4.2, 6.4.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine primäre oder sekundäre Vaskulitis des ZNS

• 586 Calabrese LH, Furlan AH, Gragg LA, Ropos TH. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system : diagnostic criteria and clinical approach. Cleve J Med 1992; 59: 293-306
• 587 Calabrese LH, Duna GF, Lie JT. Vasculitis in the central nervous system ; Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40: 1189-1201
• 588 Hajj-Ali RA, Singhal AB, Benseler S, Molloy E and Calabrese LH. Primary angiitis of the CNS. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 561-572
• 589 Harris KG, Tran DD, Sickels WJ, Cornell SH, Yuh WTC. Diagnosing intracranial vasculitis: the roles or MR and angiography. Am J Neuroradiol 1994; 15: 317-330
• 590 Kumar R, Wijdicks EFM, Brown RD, Parisi JE, Hammond CA. Isolated angiitis of the CNS presenting as subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1997; 62: 649-651
• 591 Lie JT. Primary (granulomatous) angiitis of the central nervous system : a clinicopathologic analysis of 15 new cases and a review of the literature. Hum Pathol 1992; 23: 164-171
• 592 Moore PM. Vasculitis of the central nervous system. Semin Neurol 1994; 14: 313-319
• 593 Salvarani C, Brown Jr RD, Calamia KT, Christianson TJ, Weigand SD, Miller DV. et al Primary central nervous system vasculitis: analysis of 101 patients. Ann Neurol 2007; 62: 442-451
• 594 Savage COS, Harper L, Cockwell P, Adu D, Howie AJ. ABC of arterial and vascular disease: vasculitis. BMJ 2000; 320: 1325-1328

• 6.5.1 Kopf-, Gesichts- oder Halsschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine arterielle Dissektion

• 595 Arnold M, Cumurciuc R, Stapf C, Favrole P, Berthet K and Bousser MG. Pain as the only symptom of cervical artery dissection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2006; 77: 1021-1024
• 596 Biousse V, D’Anglejan-Chatillon J, Touboul PJ, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Time course of symptoms in extracranial carotid artery dissections. A series of 80 patients. Stroke 1995; 26: 235-239
• 597 Debette S, Leys D. Cervical-artery dissections: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and outcome. Lancet-Neurol 2009; 8: 668-678
• 598 Fisher CM. The headache and pain of spontaneous carotid dissection. Headache 1982; 22: 60-65
• 599 Guillon B, Lévy C, Bousser MG. Internal carotid artery dissection: an update. J Neurol Sci 1998; 153: 146-158
• 600 Nakatomi H, Nagata K, Kawamoto S, Shiokawa Y. Ruptured dissecting aneurysm as a cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage of unverified etiology. Stroke 1997; 28: 1278-1282
• 601 Ramadan NM, Tietjen GE, Levine SR, Welch KMA. Scintillating scotomata associated with internal carotid artery dissection: report of three cases. Neurology 1991; 41: 1084-1087
• 602 Schytz HW, Ashina M, Magyari M, Larsen VA, Olesen J, Iversen HK. Acute headache and persistent Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen aufcervical artery dissection: Field testing of ICHD-III beta. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 712-716
• 603 Silbert PL, Mokri B, Schievink WI. Headache and neck pain in spontaneous internal carotid and verterbral artery dissections. Neurology 1995; 45: 1517-1522
• 604 Sturzenegger M. Headache and neck pain. The warning symptoms of vertebral artery dissection. Headache 1994; 34: 187-193
• 605 Tzourio C, Benslamia L, Guillon B, Aïdi S, Bertrand M, Berthet K, Bousser MG. Migraine and the risk of cervical artery dissection: a case-control study. Neurology 2002; 59: 435-437

• 6.5.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Endarteriektomie

• 606 Breen JC, Caplan LR, DeWitt LD, Belkin M, Mackey WC, Donnell TP. Brain edema after carotid surgery. Neurology 1996; 46: 175-181
• 607 De Marinis M, Zaccaria A, Faraglia V, Fiorani P, Maira G, Agnoli A. Post endarterectomy headache and the role of the oculo-sympathetic system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1991; 54: 314-317
• 608 Ille O, Woimant F, Pruna A, Corabianu O, Idatte JM, Haguenau M. Hypertensive encephalopathy after bilateral carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1995; 26: 488-491
• 609 Leviton A, Caplan L, Salzman E. Severe headache after carotid endarterectomy. Headache 1975; 15: 207-209
• 610 Tehindrazanarivelo A, Lutz G, Petitjean C, Bousser MG. Headache following carotid endarterectomy: a prospective study. Cephalalgia 1991; 11 (Suppl. 11) 353

• 6.5.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Carotis- oder Vertebralis-Angioplastie oder Stentimplantation

• 611 Brott TG, Howard G, Roubin GS, Meschia JF, Mackey A, Brooks W, Moore WS, Hill MD, Mantese VA, Clark WM, Timaran CH, Heck D, Leimgruber PP, Sheffet AJ, Howard VJ, Chaturvedi S, Lal BK, Voeks JH. Hobson RW 2nd; CREST Investigators. Long-term results of stenting versus endarterectomy for carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1021-1031
• 612 Gündüz A, Göksan B, Koçer N, Karaali-Savrun F. Headache in carotid artery stenting and angiography. Headache 2012; 52: 544-549
• 613 McCabe DJH, Brown MM, Clifton A. Fatal cerebral reperfusion hemorrhage after carotid stenting. Stroke 1999; 30: 2483-2486
• 614 Munari LM, Belloni G, Moschini L, Mauro A, Pezzuoli G, Porta M. Carotid pain during percutaneous angioplasty. Pathophysiology and clinical features. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 127-131
• 615 Rosenfield K, Matsumura JS, Chaturvedi S, Riles T, Ansel GM, Metzger DC, Wechsler L, Jaff MR, Gray W. ACT I Investigators. Randomized trial of stent versus surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1011-1020
• 616 Schoser BG, Heesen C, Eckert B, Thie A. Cerebral hyperperfusion injury after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of extracranial arteries. J Neurol 1997; 244: 101-104

• 6.6.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Hirnvenenthrombose

• 617 Agrawal K, Burger K, Rothrock JF. Cerebral sinus thrombosis. Headache 2016; 56: 1380-1389
• 618 Aidi S, Chaunu MP, Biousse V, Bousser MG. Changing pattern of headache pointing to cerebral venous thrombosis after lumbar puncture and intra venous high dose cortico-steroids. Headache 1999; 39: 559-564
• 619 Biousse V, Ameri A, Bousser MG. Isolated intracranial hypertension as the only sign of cerebral venous thrombosis. Neurology 1999; 53: 1537-1542
• 620 Bousser MG, Ferro JM. Cerebral venous thrombosis: an update. Lancet-Neurol 2007; 6: 162-170
• 621 Cumurciuc R, Crassard I, Sarov M, Valade D and Bousser MG. Headache as the only neurological sign of cerebral venous thrombosis: a series of 17 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2005; 76: 1084-1087
• 622 De Bruijn SFTM, Stam J, Kappelle LJ. for CVST study group. Thunderclap headache as first symptom of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Lancet 1996; 348: 1623-1625
• 623 Leker RR, Steiner I. Features of dural sinus thrombosis simulating pseudotumor cerebri. Eur J Neurol 1999; 6: 601-604
• 624 Newman DS, Levine SR, Curtis VL, Welch KMA. Migraine like visual phenomena associated with cerebral venous thrombosis. Headache 1989; 29: 82-85
• 625 Wasay M, Kojan S, Dai AI, Bobustuc G and Sheikh Z. Headache in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: incidence, pattern and location in 200 consecutive patients. J Headache Pain 2011; 11: 137-139

• 6.6.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Stentimplantation eines venösen Hirnsinus

• 626 Lenck S, Vallée F, Labeyrie MA, Touitou V, Saint-Maurice JP, Guillonnet A, Tantot A, Crassard I, Bernat AL, Houdart E. Stenting of the lateral sinus in idiopathic intracranial hypertension according to the type of stenosis. Neurosurgery 2017; 80: 393-400

• 6.7.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen intrakraniellen endarteriellen Eingriff

• 627 Beekman R, Nijssen PC, van Rooij WJ, Wijnalda D. Migraine with aura after intracranial endovascular procedures. Headache 2001; 41: 410-413
• 628 Choi KS, Lee JH, Yi HJ, Chun HJ, Lee YJ, Kim DW. Incidence and risk factors of postoperative headache after endovascular coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156: 1281-1287
• 629 Gil-Gouveia R, Fernandes Sousa R, Lopes L, Campos J, Pavao Martins I. Headaches during angiography and endovascular procedures. J Neurol 2007; 254: 591-596
• 630 Martins IP, Baeta E, Paiva T, Campos J, Gomes L. Headaches during intracranial endovascular procedures: a possible model for vascular headache. Headache 1993; 23: 227-233
• 631 Nichols FT, Mawad M, Mohr JP, Hilal S, Adams RJ. Focal headache during balloon inflation in the vertebral and basilar arteries. Headache 1993; 33: 87-89
• 632 Nichols FT, Mawad M, Mohr JP, Stein B, Hilal S, Michelsen WJ. Focal headache during balloon inflation in the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. Stroke 1990; 21: 555-559

• 6.7.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Angiographie

• 633 Aktan Ç, Özgür Ö, Sindel T, Dora B. Characteristics of headache during and after digital substraction angiography: A critical re-appraisal of the ICHD-3 criteria. Cephalalgia 2017; 37: 1074-1081
• 634 Gil-Gouveia RS, Sousa RF, Lopes L, Campos J, Martins IP. Post-Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Angiographies. J Headache Pain 2008; 9: 327-330
• 635 Gündüz A, Göksan B, Koçer N, Karaali-Savrun F. Headache in carotid artery stenting and angiography. Headache 2012; 52: 544-549
• 636 Ramadan NM, Gilkey SJ, Mitchell M, Sawaya KL, Mitsias P. PostKopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Angiographie. Headache 1995; 35: 21-24
• 637 Shuaib A, Hachinski VC. Migraine and the risks from angiography. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 911-912

• 6.7.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein reversibles zerebrales Vasokonstriktionsyndrom (RCVS)

• 638 Call GK, Fleming MC, Sealfon S, Levine H, Kistler JP, Fisher CM. Reversible cerebral segmental vasoconstriction. Stroke 1988; 19: 1159-1170
• 639 Calabrese LH, Dodick DW, Schwedt TJ and Singhal AB. Narrative review: reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146: 34-44
• 640 Chen SP, Fuh JL, Lirng JF, Chang FC and Wang SJ. Recurrent primary thunderclap headache and benign CNS angiopathy: spectra of the same disorder?. Neurology 2006; 67: 2164-2169
• 641 Chen SP, Fuh JL, Wang SJ, Chang FC, Lirng JF, Fang YC. et al Magnetic resonance angiography in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes. Ann Neurol 2010; 67: 648-656
• 642 Ducros A, Boukobza M, Porcher R, Sarov M, Valade D and Bousser MG. The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. A prospective series of 67 patients. Brain 2007; 130: 3091-3101
• 643 Ducros A, Bousser MG. Thunderclap headache. BMJ 2012; 345: e8557
• 644 Ducros A, Fiedler U, Porcher R, Boukobza M, Stapf C, Bousser MG. Hemorrhagic manifestations of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Frequency, features, and risk factors. Stroke 2010; 41: 2505-2511
• 645 Dodick DW, Brown RD, Britton JW, Huston J. Non aneurysmal thunderclap headache with diffuse, multifocal segmental and reversible vasospasm. Cephalalgia 1999; 19: 118-123
• 646 John S, Singhal AB, Calabrese L, Uchino K, Hammad T, Tepper S, Stillman M, Mills B, Thankachan T, Hajj-Ali RA. Long-term outcomes after reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 387-394
• 647 Singhal AB, Hajj-Ali RA, Topcuoglu MA, Fok J, Bena J, Yang D. et al Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes: analysis of 139 cases. Arch Neurol 2011; 68: 1005-1012

• 6.7.4 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine arterielle Dissektion

• 648 Debette S, Compter A, Labeyrie MA, Uyttenboogaart M, Metso TM, Majersik JJ. et al Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of intracranial artery dissection. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14: 640-654
• 649 Dlamini N, Freeman JL, Mackay MT, Hawkins C, Shroff M, Fullerton HJ. et al Intracranial dissection mimicking transient cerebral arteriopathy in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. J Child Neurol 2011; 26: 1203-1206
• 650 Kim JG, Choi JY, Kim SU, Jung JM, Kwon DY, Park MH, Oh K. Headache characteristics of uncomplicated intracranial vertebral artery dissection and validation of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen aufintracranial artery dissection. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 516-526
• 651 Sharif AA, Remley KB, Clark HB. Middle cerebral artery dissection. A clinicopathologic study. Neurology 1995; 45: 1929-1231
• 652 Szatmary Z, Boukobza M, Vahedi K, Stapf C, Houdart E and Bousser MG. Orgasmic headache and middle cerebral artery dissection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2006; 77: 693-694

• 6.8.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine zerebrale autosomal dominante Arteriopathie mit subkortikalen Infarkten und Leukenzephalopathie(CADASIL)

• 653 Chabriat H, Vahedi K, Iba-Zizen MT, Joutel A, Nibbio A, Nagy TG, Krebs MO, Julien J, Dubois B, Ducrocq X, Levasseur M, Homeyer P, Mas JL, Lyon-Caen O, Tournier-Lasserve E, Bousser MG. Clinical spectrum of CADASIL: a study of 7 families. Lancet 1995; 346: 934-939
• 654 Choi JC 1, Song SK, Lee JS, Kang SY, Kang JH. Headache among CADASIL patients with R544C mutation: prevalence, characteristics, and associations. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 22-28
• 655 Guey S, Mawet J, Hervé D, Duering M, Godin O, Jouvent E, Opherk C, Alili N, Dichgans M, Chabriat H. Prevalence and characteristics of migraine in CADASIL. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 1038-1047
• 656 Joutel A, Corpechot C, Ducros A, Katayoun V, Chabriat H, Mouton P, Alamowitch S, Domenga V, Cécillion M, Maréchal E, Maciazek J, Vayssière C, Cruaud C, Cabanis EA, Ruchoux MM, Weissenbach J, Bacxh JF, Bousser MG, Tournier-Lasserve E. “Notch 3” mutations in CADASIL, a hereditary adult-onset condition causing stroke and dementia. Nature 1996; 383: 707-710
• 657 Vahedi K, Chabriat H, Levy C, Joutel A, Tournier-Lasserve E, Bousser MG. Migraine with aura and brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with CADASIL. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 1237-1240

• 6.8.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine mitochondriale Enzephalopathie, Laktatazidose und Schlaganfall-ähnlichen Episoden (MELAS)

• 658 Klopstock A, May P, Siebel E, Papagiannuli E, Diener NC, Heichmann H. Mitochondrial DNA in migraine with aura. Neurology 1996; 46: 1735-1738
• 659 Koo B, Becker L, Chuang S, Merante F, Robinson BH, Mac Gregor D, Tein I, Ho VB, McGreal DA, Wherrett JR, Logan WJ. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes (MELAS): clinical, radiological, pathological and genetic observations. Ann Neurol 1993; 34: 25-32
• 660 Ojaimi J, Katsabanis S, Bower S, Quigley A, Byrne E. Mitochondrial DNA in stroke and migraine with aura. Cerebrovasc Dis 1998; 8: 102-106
• 661 Pavlakis SG, Phillips PC, Di Mauro S, De Vivo DC, Rowland P. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes: a distinct clinical syndrome. Ann Neurol 1984; 16: 481-488

• 6.8.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Moyamoya-Angiopathie

• 662 Bohara M, Sugata S, Nishimuta Y, Karki P, Nagayama T, Sakamoto S, Tokimura H, Arita K. Effect of revascularization on headache associated with Moyamoya disease in pediatric patients. Hiroshima J Med Sci 2015; 64: 39-44
• 663 Kraemer M, Lee SI, Ayzenberg I, Schwitalla JC, Diehl RR, Berlit P, Bosche B, Katsarava Z, Obermann M. Headache in Caucasian patients with Moyamoya angiopathy – a systematic cohort study. Cephalalgia 2017; 37: 496-500
• 664 Seol HJ, Wang KC, Kim SK, Hwang YS, Kim KJ, Cho BK. Headache in pediatric moyamoya disease: review of 204 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg 2005; 103 (Suppl. 05) 439-442
• 665 Zach V, Bezov D, Lipton RB, Ashina S. Headache associated with moyamoya disease: a case story and literature review. J Headache Pain 2010; 11: 79-82

• 6.8.4 Migräneartige Aura zurückzuführen auf eine zerebrale Amyloidangiopathie

• 666 Charidimou A, Peeters A, Fox Z. et al Spectrum of transient focal neurological episodes in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: multicentre magnetic resonance imaging cohort study and meta-analysis. Stroke 2012; 43: 2324-2330
• 667 Paterson RW, Uchino K, Emsley HC. et al Recurrent stereotyped episodes in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: response to migraine prophylaxis in two patients. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2013; 3: 81-84
• 668 Samanci B, Coban O, Baykan B. Late onset aura may herald cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A case report. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 998-1001

• 6.8.5 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein retinales Vaskulopathie-Syndrom mit zerebraler Leukenzephalopathie und systemischen Manifestationen (RVCLSM)

• 669 Hottenga JJ, Vanmolkot KR, Kors EE, Kheradmand Kia S, de Jong PT, Haan J. et al The 3p21.1-p21.3 hereditary vascular retinopathy locus increases the risk for Raynaud’s phenomenon and migraine. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 1168-1172
• 670 Richards A, van den Maagdenberg AM, Jen JC, Kavanagh D, Bertram P, Spitzer D. et al C-terminal truncations in human 3’-5’ DNA exonuclease TREX1 cause autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy. Nature Genet 2007; 39: 1068-1070
• 671 Terwindt GM, Haan J, Ophoff RA, Groenen SM, Storimans CW, Lanser JB. et al Clinical and genetic analysis of a large Dutch family with autosomal dominant vascular retinopathy, migraine and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Brain 1998; 121: 303-316
• 672 Stam AH, Kothari PH, Shaikh A, Gschwendter A, Jen JC, Hodgkinson S. et al Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations. Brain 2016; 139: 2909-2922

• 6.8.6 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf andere intrakranielle Gefäßstörungen

• 673 Gould DB, Phalan FC, van Mil SE, Sundberg JP, Vahedi K, Massin P. et al Role of COL4A1 in small-vessel disease and hemorrhagic stroke. NEJM 2006; 354: 1489-1496
• 674 Vahedi K, Boukobza M, Massin P, Gould DB, Tournier-Laserve E, Bousser MG. Clinical and brain MRI follow-up study of a family with COL4A1 mutation. Neurology 2007; 69: 1564-1568
• 675 Vahedi K, Massin P, Guichard JP, Miocque S, Polivka M, Goutières F. et al Hereditary infantile hemiparesis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity, and leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 2003; 60: 57-63

• 6.9 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen Hypophyseninfarkt

• 676 Carral F. Pituitary apoplexy. Arch Neurol 2001; 58: 1143-1144
• 677 Chakeres DW, Curtin A, Ford G. Magnetic resonance imaging of pituitary and parasellar abnormalities. Radiol Clin North Am 1989; 27: 265-281
• 678 Da Motta LA, de Mello PA, de Lacerda CM, Neto AP, Da Motta LD, Filho MF. Pituitary apoplexy. Clinical course, endocrine evaluations and treatment analysis. J Neurosurg Sci 1991; 43: 25-36
• 679 Dodick DW, Wijdicks EFM. Pituitary apoplexy presenting as thunderclap headache. Neurology 1998; 50: 1510-1511
• 680 Hernandez A, Angeles Del Real M, Aguirre M, Vaamonde J, Gudin M, Ibanez R. Pituitary apoplexy: a transient benign presentation mimicking with subarachnoid hemorrhage with negative angiography. Eur J Neurol 1998; 5: 499-501
• 681 Lee CC, Cho AS, Carter WA. Emergency department presentation of pituitary apoplexy. Am J Emerg Med 2000; 18: 328-331
• 682 McFadzean RM, Doyle D, Rampling R, Teasdale E, Teasdale G. Pituitary apoplexy and its effect on vision. Neurosurgery 1991; 29: 669-675

• 7.1.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension (IIH)

• 683 Avery RA, Shah SS, Licht DJ. et al Reference range for cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure in children. NEJM 2010; 363: 891-893
• 684 Corbett JJ, Mehta MP. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in normal obese subjects and patients with pseudotumor cerebri. Neurology 1983; 33: 1386-1388
• 685 Fisayo A, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Overdiagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Neurology 2016; 86: 341-350
• 686 Friedman DI, Jacobson DM. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Neuroophthalmol 2004; 24: 138-145
• 687 Friedman DI, Liu G, Digre KB. Diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children. Neurology 2013; 81: 1159-1165
• 688 Friedman DI, Quiros PA, Subramanian PS, Mejico LJ, Gao S, McDermott M, Wall M. and and the NORDIC IIHTT Study Group Headache in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Findings from the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Trial. Headache 2017; 57: 1195-1205
• 689 Wall M, Kupersmith MJ, Kieburtz KD. et al for the IIHTT Study Group The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial: Clinical profile at baseline. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71: 693-701
• 690 Whiteley W, Al-Shahi R, Warlow CP, Zeidler M, Lueck CJ. CSF opening pressure: reference interval and the effect of body mass index. Neurology 2006; 67: 1690-1691
• 691 Yri HM, Jensen RH. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Clinical nosography and field testing of the ICHD diagnostic criteria. A case-control study. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 553-562

• 7.2.1 Postpunktioneller Kopfschmerz

• 692 Amorim JA, Gomes de Barros MV, Valenca MM. Post-dural (post-lumbar) puncture headache: Risk factors and clinical features. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 916-923
• 693 Bezov D, Lipton RB and Ashina S. Post-dural puncture headache:Part I diagnosis, epidemiology,etiology and pathophysiology. Headache 2010; 50: 1144-1152

• 7.2.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein spontanes Liquorunterdrucksyndrom

• 694 Mea E, Chiapparini L, Savoiardo M. et al Application of IHS criteria to Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen aufspontaneous intracranial hypotension in a large population. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 418-422
• 695 Reinstein E, Pariani M, Bannykh S, Schievink Rimoin D. Connective tissue spectrum abnormalities associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a prospective study. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21: 386-390
• 696 Schievink WI. Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension. JAMA 2006; 295: 2286-2296
• 697 Schievink WI, Dodick DW, Mokri B, Silberstein SD, Bousser MG, Goadsby PJ. Diagnostic criteria for headache due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A perspective. Headache 2011; 51: 1442-1444
• 698 Schievink WI, Maya MM, Louy C, Tourje Moser FG. Diagnostic criteria for spontaneous spinal CSF leaks and intracranial hypotension. Amer J Neuroradiol 2008; 29: 853-856
• 699 Schwedt TJ, Dodick DW. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2007; 11: 56-61
• 700 Wang YF, Fuh JL, Lirng JF, Chen SP, Hseu SS, Wu JC, Wang SJ. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage and headache after lumbar puncture: a prospective non-invasive imaging study. Brain 2015; 138: 1492-1498
• 701 Wang YF, Lirng JF, Fuh JL, Hseu SS, Wang SJ. Heavily T2-weighted MR myelography vs. CT myelography in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Neurology 2009; 73: 1892-1898
• 702 Wu JW, Hseu SS, Fuh JL, Lirng JF, Wang YF, Chen WT, Chen SP, Wang SJ. Factors predicting response to the first epidural blood patch in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Brain 2017; 140: 344-352

• 7.3.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine aseptische (nichtinfektiöse) Meningitis

• 703 Holle D, Obermann M. Headache in drug-induced aseptic meningitis. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2015; 19: 29
• 704 Morís G, Garcia-Monco JC. The challenge of drug-induced aseptic meningitis. JAMA Internal Med 2014; 174: 1511-1512

• 7.3.5 Syndrom der vorübergehenden Kopfschmerzen mit neurologischen Defiziten und Liquorlymphozytose (HaNDL)

• 705 Bartleson JD, Swanson JW, Whisnant JP. A Migrainous syndrome with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Neurology 1981; 31: 1257-1262
• 706 Berg MJ Williams LS. The transient syndrome of headache with neurologic deficits and CSF lymphocytosis (review). Neurology 1995; 45: 1648-1654
• 707 Chapman KM, Szczygielski BI, Toth C, Woolfenden A, Robinson G, Snutch TP, Spacey SD. Pseudomigraine with lymphocytic pleocytosis: a calcium channelopathy? Clinical description of 10 cases and genetic analysis of the familial hemiplegic migraine gene CACNA1A. Headache 2003; 43: 892-895
• 708 Fuentes B, Diez Tejedor E, Pascual J, Coya J, Quirce R. Cerebral blood flow changes in pseudomigraine with pleocytosis analyzed by single photon emission computed tomography. A spreading depression mechanism?. Cephalalgia 1998; 18: 570-573
• 709 Fumal A, Vandenheede M, Coppola G, Di Clemente L, Jacquart J, Gérard P, de Noordhout AM, Schoenen J. The syndrome of transient headache with neurological deficits and CSF lymphocytosis (HaNDL): electrophysiological findings suggesting a migrainous pathophysiology. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 754-758
• 710 Gomez-Aranda F, Canadillas F, Marti-Masso JF, Diez-Tejedor E. et al Pseudomigraine with temporary neurological symptoms and lymphocytic pleocytosis: A report of fifty cases. Brain 1997; 120: 1105-1113
• 711 Kürtüncü M, Kaya D, Zuliani L, Erdag E, Icoz S, Ugurel E, Cavus F, Aysit N, Birisik O, Vincent A, Eraksoy M, Burcak V, Akman-Demir G, Tuzun E. CACNA1A antibodies associated with headache with neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL). Cephalalgia 2013; 33: 123-129
• 712 Morrison DG, Phuah HK, Reddy AT, Dure LS, Kline LB. Ophthalmologic involvement in the syndrome of headache, neurologic deficits, and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 115-118
• 713 Parissis D, Ioannidis P, Balamoutsos G, Karacostas D. Confusional state in the syndrome of HaNDL. Headache 2011; 51: 1285-1288

• 7.4.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen intrakranielles Neoplasma

• 714 Dowman CE, Smith WA. Intracranial tumors: A review of one hundred verified cases. Arch Neurol Psych 1928; 20: 1312-1329
• 715 Forsyth PA, Posner JB. Headaches in patients with brain tumors: a study of 111 patients. Neurology 1993; 43: 1678-1683
• 716 Hamilton W, Kernick D. Clinical features of primary brain tumours: a case-control study using electronic primary care records. Br J Gen Pract 2007; 57: 695-699
• 717 Iversen H, Strange P, Sommer W, Tjalve E. Brain tumour headache related to tumour size, and location. Cephalalgia 1987; 6 (Suppl. 07) 394-395
• 718 Kernick DP, Ahmed F, Bahra A, Dowson A, Elrington G, Fontebasso M. et al Imaging patients with suspected brain tumour: guidance for primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2008; 58: 880-885
• 719 Kirby S. Headache and brain tumours. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 387-388
• 720 Kunkle EC, Ray BS, Wolff HG. Studies on headache: The mechanisms and significance of the headache associated with brain tumor. Bull NY Acad Med 1942; 18: 400-422
• 721 Lowry JK, Snyder JJ, Lowry PW. Brain tumors in the elderly: recent trends in a Minnesota cohort study. Arch Neurol 1998; 55: 922-928
• 722 Pfund Z, Szapary L, Jaszberenyi O, Nagy F, Czopf J. Headache in intracranial tumors. Cephalalgia 1999; 19: 787-790 discussion 65
• 723 Rossi LN, Vassella F. Headache in children with brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 1989; 5: 307-309
• 724 Schankin CJ, Ferrari U, Reinisch VM, Birnbaum T, Goldbrunner R, Straube A. Characteristics of brain tumour-associated headache. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 904-911
• 725 Suwanwela N, Phanthumchinda K, Kaoropthum S. Headache in brain tumor: a cross-sectional study. Headache 1994; 34: 435-438
• 726 Valentinis L, Tuniz F, Valent F, Mucchiut M, Little D, Skrap M. et al Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen aufintracranial tumours: a prospective cohort study. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 389-398
• 727 Vazquez-Barquero A, Ibanez FJ, Herrera S, Izquierdo JM, Berciano J, Pascual J. Isolated headache as the presenting clinical manifestation of intracranial tumors: a prospective study. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 270-272

• 7.4.1.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Kolloidzyste des dritten Hirnventrikels

• 728 Algin O, Ozmen E, Arslan H. Radiologic manifestations of colloid cysts: a pictorial essay. Can Assoc Radiol J 2013; 64: 56-60
• 729 Brostigen CS, Meling TR, Marthinsen PB, Scheie D, Aarhus M, Helseth E. Surgical management of colloid cyst of the third ventricle. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 135: 484-487
• 730 Byard RW. Variable presentations of lethal colloid cysts. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61: 1538-1540
• 731 Diyora B, Nayak N, Kukreja S, Sharma A. Hemorrhagic colloid cyst: Case report and review of the literature. Asian J Neurosurg 2013; 8: 162-165
• 732 Jacob MK, Anand SK, George P. Colloid cyst of the third ventricle presenting with features of Terson’s syndrome. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2014; 21: 344-346
• 733 Kone L, Chaichana KL, Rincon-Torroella J, Snyman C, Moghekar A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. The impact of surgical resection on headache disability and quality of life in patients with colloid cyst. Cephalalgia 2016; 37: 442-451
• 734 Lawrence JE, Nadarajah R, Treger TD, Agius M. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of colloid cysts: a review of the literature. Psychiatr Danub 2015; 27 (Suppl. 01) S315-320
• 735 Mortimer AM, Bradley MD, Stoodley NG, Renowden SA. Thunderclap headache: diagnostic considerations and neuroimaging features. Clin Radiol 2013; 68: e101-113 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.08.032. Epub 2012 Dec 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 23245274
• 736 Ravnik J, Bunc G, Grcar A, Zunic M, Velnar T. Colloid cysts of the third ventricle exhibit various clinical presentation: a review of three cases. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2014; 14: 132-135
• 737 Ronne-Engström E, Popek E. Symptomatic colloid cysts in the third ventricle of monozygotic twins. Ups J Med Sci 2015; 120: 59-62
• 738 Yadav YR, Yadav N, Parihar V, Kher Y, Ratre S. Management of colloid cyst of third ventricle. Turk Neurosurg 2015; 25: 362-371

• 7.5 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine intrathekale Injektion

• 739 Diener HC, Johansson U, Dodick DW. Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen aufnon-vascular intracranial disorder. Handb Clin Neurol 2010; 97: 547-587
• 740 Haché M, Swoboda KJ, Sethna N, Farrow-Gillespie A, Khandji A, Xia S, Bishop KM. Intrathecal injections in children with spinal muscular atrophy: Nusinersen Clinical Trial Experience. J Child Neurol 2016; 31: 899-906
• 741 Obermann M, Holle D, Naegel S, Diener HC. Headache attributable to nonvascular intracranial disorders. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2011; 15: 314-323
• 742 Takagi K, Kato K, Kato Y. Treatment of mild traumatic brain injury by epidural saline and oxygen injection: report of two cases. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2013; 118: 293-296

• 7.6 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen epileptischen Anfall

• 743 Cianchetti C, Pruna D, Ledda MG. Epileptic seizures and headache/migraine: A review of types of association and terminology. Seizure 2013; 22: 679-685
• 744 Förderreuther S, Henkel A, Noachtar S, Straube A. Headache associated with epileptic seizures: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics. Headache 2002; 42: 649-655
• 745 Ito M, Adachi N, Nakamura F. et al Multi-centre study on post-ictal headache in patients with localization-related epilepsy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 53: 385-389
• 746 Ito M, Adachi N, Nakamura F, Koyama T, Okamura T, Kato M, Kanemoto K, Nakano T, Matsuura M, Hara S. Characteristics of postictal headache in patients with partial epilepsy. Cephalalgia 2004; 24: 23-28
• 747 Karaali-Savrun F, Göksan B, Yeni SN, Ertan S, Uzun N. Seizure-related headache in patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2002; 11: 67-69
• 748 Kwan P, Man CBL, Leung H, Yu E, Wong KS. Headache in patients with epilepsy: A prospective incidence study. Epilepsia 2008; 49: 1099-1102
• 749 Leniger T, Isbruch K, Von den Driesch S, Diener HC, Hufnagel A. Seizure-associated headache in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 1176-1179
• 750 Schachter SC, Richman K, Loder E, Beluk S. Self-reported characteristics of postictal headaches. J Epilepsy 1995; 8: 41-43
• 751 Schmidt Botha S, Schutte C-M, Olorunju S, Kakaza M. Postictal headache in South African adult patients with generalized epilepsy in a tertiary care setting: A cross-sectional study. Cephalalgia 2012; 30: 1495-1501
• 752 Schon F, Blau JN. Post-epileptic headache and migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1987; 50: 1148-1152
• 753 Syversten M, Helde G, Stovner LJ, Brodtkorb E. Headache add to the burden of epilepsy. J Headache Pain 2007; 8: 224-230
• 754 Yankovsky AE, Andermann F, Bernasconi A. Characteristics of headache associated with intractable partial epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005; 46: 1241-1245

• 7.7 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Chiari-Malformation Typ I(CM1)

• 755 Abu-Arafeh I, Campbell E. Headache, chiari malformation type 1 and treatment options. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102: 210-211
• 756 Aiken AH, Hoots JA, Saindane AM, Hudgins PA. Incidence of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A mimic of the chiari I malformation. Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33: 1901-1906
• 757 Banik R, Lin D, Miller NR. Prevalence of chiari I malformation and cerebellar ectopia in patients with pseudotumor cerebri. J Neurol Sci 2006; 247: 71-75
• 758 Batzdorf U, McArthur DL, Bentson JR. Surgical treatment of chiari malformation with and without syringomyelia: Experience with 177 adult patients. J Neurosurg 2013; 118: 232-242
• 759 Beretta E, Vetrano IG, Curone M, Chiapparini L, Furlanetto M, Bussone G, Valentini LG. Chiari malformation-related headache: Outcome after surgical treatment. Neurol Sci 2017; 38: 95-98
• 760 Chavez A, Roguski M, Killeen A, Heilman C, Hwang S. Comparison of operative and non-operative outcomes based on surgical selection criteria for patients with chiari I malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21: 2201-2206
• 761 Chen P-K, Fuh J-L, Wang S-J. Cough headache: a study of 83 consecutive patients. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 1079-1085
• 762 Curone M, Valentini LG, Vetrano I. et al Chiari malformation type 1-related headache: The importance of a multidisciplinary study. Neurol Sci 2017; 38: 91-93
• 763 Grazzi L. Usai S. Headache and Chiari malformation in young age: clinical aspects and differential diagnosis. Neurol Sci 2011; 32 (Suppl. 03) S299-S301
• 764 Kahn EN, Muraszko KM, Maher CO. Prevalence of chiari I malformation and syringomyelia. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2015; 26: 501-507
• 765 Killeen A, Roguski M, Chavez A, Heilman C, Hwang S. Non-operative outcomes in chiari I malformation patients. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22: 133-138
• 766 Lam S, Auffinger B, Tormenti M, Bonfield C, Greene S. The relationship between obesity and symptomatic chiari I malformation in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Neurosci 2015; 10: 321-325
• 767 Langridge B, Phillips E, Choi D. Chiari malformation type 1: A systematic review of natural history and conservative management. World Neurosurg 2017; 104: 213-219
• 768 Mea E. Chiapparini L. Leone M. Franzini A. Messina G. Bussone G. Chronic daily headache in the adults: differential diagnosis between symptomatic Chiari I malformation and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Neurol Sci 2011; 32 (Suppl. 03) S291-S294
• 769 Pascual J, Iglesias F, Oterino A, Vazquez-Barquero A, Berciano J. Cough, exertional, and sexual headaches: an analysis of 72 benign and symptomatic cases. Neurology 1996; 46: 1520-1524
• 770 Pascual J, González-Mandly A, Martín R, Oterino A. Headaches precipitated by cough, prolonged exercise or sexual activity: a prospective etiological and clinical study. J Headache Pain 2008; 9: 259-266
• 771 Raza-Knight S, Mankad K, Prabhakar P, Thompson D. Headache outcomes in children undergoing foramen magnum decompression for chiari I malformation. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102: 238-243
• 772 Toldo I, Tangari M, Mardari R. et al Headache in children with chiari I malformation. Headache 2014; 54: 899-908

• 8.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Substanzgebrauch oder Substanzexposition

• 773 Altura BM, Altura BT, Gebrewold A. Alcohol induced spasm of cerebral blood vessels. J Mental Sci 2000; 104: 972-999
• 774 Ashina M, Bendtsen L, Jensen R, Olesen J. Nitric oxide-induced headache in patients with chronic tension-type headache. Brain 2000; 123: 1830-1837
• 775 Askmark H, Lundberg PO, Olsson S. Drug related headache. Headache 1989; 29: 441-444
• 776 Beck HG, Schulze WH, Suter GM. Carbon monoxide-a domestic hazard. JAMA 1940; 115: 1
• 777 Birk S, Kruuse C, Petersen KA, Tfelt-Hansen P, Olesen J. The headache-inducing effect of cilostazol in human volunteers. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 1304-1309
• 778 Bonnet GF, Nepveux P. Migraine due to tyramine. Sem Hop 1971; 47: 2441-2445
• 779 Brewerton TD, Murphy DL, Lesem MD, Brandt HA, Jimerson DC. Headache responses following m-chlorophenylpiperazine in bulimics and controls. Headache 1992; 32: 217-222
• 780 Cleophas TJ, Niemeyer MG, van der Wall EE, van der Meulen J. Nitrate-induced headache in patients with stable angina pectoris: beneficial effect of starting on a low dose. Angiology 1996; 47: 679-685
• 781 Cregler LL, Mark H. Medical complications of cocaine abuse. NEJM 1986; 315: 1495-1501
• 782 Dhopesh V, Maany I, Herring C. The relationship of cocaine to headache in polysubstance abusers. Headache 1991; 31: 17-19
• 783 Dhuna A, Pascual-Leone A, Belgrade M. Cocaine-related vascular headaches. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1991; 54: 803-806
• 784 De Marinis M, Janiri L, Agnoli A. Headache in the use and withdrawal of opiates and other associated substances of abuse. Headache 1991; 31: 159-163
• 785 Ekbom K. Nitroglycerin as a provocative agent in cluster headache. Arch Neurol 1968; 19: 487-493
• 786 el-Mallakh RS. Marijuana and migraine. Headache 1987; 27: 442-443
• 787 el-Mallakh RS, Kranzler HR, Kamanitz JR. Headaches and psychoactive substance use. Headache 1991; 31: 584-587
• 788 Fanciullacci M, Alessandri M, Figini M, Geppetti P, Michelacci S. Increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide from the extracerebral circulation during nitroglycerin-induced cluster headache attack. Pain 1995; 60: 119-123
• 789 Forbes HS, Cobb S, Fremont-Smith F. Cerebral edema and headache following carbon monoxide asphyxia. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1924; 11: 164
• 790 Ghose K, Carrol JD. Mechanisms of tyramine-induced migraine: similarities with dopamine and interactions with disulfiram and propranolol. Neuropsychiobiol 1984; 12: 122-126
• 791 Iversen HK, Nielsen TM, Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P. Intravenous nitroglycerin as an experimental model of vascular headache. Basic characteristics. Pain 1989; 38: 17-24
• 792 Krabbe AA, Olesen J. Headache provocation by continuous intravenous infusion of histamine, clinical results and receptor mechanisms. Pain 1980; 8: 253-259
• 793 Kruuse C, Jacobsen TB, Lassen LH, Thomsen LL, Hasselbalch SG, Dige-Petersen H, Olesen J. Dipyridamole dilates large cerebral arteries concomitant to headache induction in healthy subjects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000; 20: 1372-1379
• 794 Kruuse C, Thomsen LL, Birk S, Olesen J. Migraine can be induced by sildenafil without changes in middle cerebral artery diameter. Brain 2003; 126: 241-247
• 795 Kruuse C, Thomsen LL, Jacobsen TB, Olesen J. The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil has no effect on cerebral blood flow or blood velocity, but nevertheless induces headache in healthy subjects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2002; 22: 1124-1131
• 796 Lassen LH, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Histamine induces migraine via the H receptor. Support for the NO-hypothesis of migraine. Neuroreport 1995; 6: 1475-1479
• 797 Leon AS, Hunninghake DB, Bell C, Rassin DK, Tephly TR. Safety of long-term doses of aspartame. Arch Int Med 1989; 149: 2318-2324
• 798 Leone M, Attanasio A, Croci D, Filippini G, D’Amico D, Grazzi L, Nespolo A, Bussone G. The serotonergic agent m-chlorophenylpiperazine induced migraine attacks: a controlled study. Neurology 2000; 55: 136-139
• 799 Lichten E, Lichten J, Whitty A, Pieper D. The confirmation of a biochemical marker for women’s hormonal migraine : the depo-oestradiol challenge test. Headache 1996; 36: 367-371
• 800 Lipton RB, Kwong CM, Solomon S. Headaches in hospitalized cocaine users. Headache 1989; 29: 225-228
• 801 Magos AL, Brewster E, Singh R, O’Dowd T, Brincat M, Studd JWW. The effects of norethisterone in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy: a model for the premenstrual syndrome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 93: 1290-1296
• 802 Murphree AB, Greenberg LA, Carrol RB. Neuropharmacologic effects of substances other than ethanol in alcoholic beverages. Fed Proc 1967; 26: 1468-1473
• 803 Nappi RE, Cagnacci A, Granella F, Piccinini F, Polatti F, Facchinetti F. Course of primary headaches during hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 2001; 38: 157-163
• 804 Pepe G, Castelli M, Nazerian P. et al Delayed neuropsychological sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: predictive risk factors in the Emergency Department. A retrospective study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2011; 19: 16
• 805 Schiffmann SS, Buckley CE, Sampson HA. et al Aspartame and susceptibility to headache. NEJM 1987; 317: 1181-1185
• 806 Sicuteri F, Bene ED, Poggioni M, Bonazzi A. Unmasking latent dysnociception in healthy subjects. Headache 1987; 27: 180-185
• 807 Thomsen LL, Kruse C, Iversen HK, Olesen J. A Nitric oxide donor triggers genuine migraine attacks. Eur J Neurol 1994; 1: 71-80

• 8.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen Medikamentenübergebrauch

• 808 Aaseth K, Grande RB, Šaltytė Bent J, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. 3-years-follow-up of secondary chronic headaches. The Akershus study of chronic headache. Eur J Pain 2011; 15: 186-92
• 809 Ala-Hurula V, Myllyla V, Hokkanen E, Tokola O. Tolfenamic acid and ergotamine abuse. Headache 1981; 21: 240-242
• 810 Andersson PG. Ergotamine headache. Headache 1975; 15: 118-121
• 811 Bigal ME, Rapoport AM, Sheftell FD, Tepper SJ, Lipton RB. Transformed migraine and Medication overuse in a tertiary headache centre — clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Cephalalgia 2004; 24: 483-490
• 812 Diener HC, Dichgans J, Scholz E, Geiselhart S, Gerber WD, Bille A. Analgesic-induced chronic headache: long-term results of withdrawal therapy. J Neurol 1989; 236: 9-14
• 813 Evers S, Gralow I, Bauer B, Suhr B, Buchheister A, Husstedt IW, Ringelstein EB. Sumatriptan and ergotamine overuse and drug-induced headache: a clinicoepidemiologic study. Clin Neuropharmacol 1999; 22: 201-206
• 814 Find NL, Terlizzi R, Munksgaard SB. et al COMOESTAS Consortium. Medication overuse headache in Europe and Latin America: general demographic and clinical characteristics, referral pathways and national distribution of painkillers in a descriptive, multinational, multicentre study. J Headache Pain 2016; 17: 20
• 815 Fritsche G, Frettlöh J, Hüppe M. et al Prevention of medication overuse in patients with migraine. Pain 2010; 151: 404-413
• 816 Gaist D, Hallas J, Sindrup SH, Gram LF. Is overuse of sumatriptan a problem? A population-based study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 50: 161-165
• 817 Gaist D, Tsiropoulus I, Sindrup SH, Hallas J, Rasmussen BK, Kragstrup J. Inappropriate use of sumatriptan: population based register and interview study. BMJ 1998; 316: 1352-1353
• 818 Gossop M, Darke S, Griffiths P, Hando J, Powis B, Hall W, Strang J. The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): psychometric properties of the SDS in English and Australian samples of heroin, cocaine and amphetamine users. Addiction 1995; 90: 607-614
• 819 Grande RB, Aaseth K, Saltyte Benth J, Gulbrandsen P, Russell MB, Lundqvist C. The Severity of Dependence Scale detects people with medication overuse: the Akershus study of chronic headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2009; 80: 784-789
• 820 Grande RB, Aaseth K, Šaltytė Bent J, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Reduction of medication-overuse headache after modified brief intervention. The Akershus study on chronic headache. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 129-37
• 821 Hering R, Steiner TJ. Abrupt outpatient withdrawal from medication in analgesic-abusing migraineurs. Lancet 1991; 337: 1442-1443
• 822 Katsarava Z, Fritsche G, Muessig M, Diener HC, Limmroth V. Clinical features of withdrawal headache following overuse of triptans and other headache drugs. Neurology 2001; 57: 1694-1698
• 823 Kaube H, May A, Diener HC, Pfaffenrath V. Sumatriptan misuse in daily chronic headache. BMJ 1994; 308: 1573
• 824 Kristoffersen ES, Straand J, Vetvik KG, Benth JŠ, Russell MB, Lundqvist C. Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2015; 86: 505-512
• 825 Kristoffersen ES, Straand J, Vetvik KG, Benth JŠ, Russell MB, Lundqvist C. Brief intervention by general practitioners for medication-overuse headache, follow-up after 6 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Neurol 2016; 263: 344-353
• 826 Limmroth V, Katsarava Z, Fritsche G, Diener HC. Headache after frequent use of new 5-HT agonists zolmitriptan and naratriptan. Lancet 1999; 353: 378
• 827 Limmroth V, Katsarava Z, Fritsche G, Przywara S, Diener HC. Features of medication overuse headache following overuse of different acute headache drugs. Neurology 2002; 59: 1011-1014
• 828 Lundqvist C, Grande RB, Aaseth K, Russell MB. The severity of dependence scale predicts prognosis of medication overuse headache. The Akershus study of chronic headache. Pain 2012; 153: 682-686
• 829 Nicolodi M, DelBianco PL, Sicuteri F. The way to serotonergic use and abuse in migraine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1997; 17: 79-84
• 830 Rapoport A, Stang P, Gutterman DL, Cady R, Markley H, Weeks R, Saiers J, Fox AW. Analgesic rebound headache in clinical practice: data from a physician survey. Headache 1996; 36: 14-19
• 831 Schnider P, Aull S, Baumgartner C. et al Long-term outcome of patients with headache and drug abuse after inpatient withdrawal: five-year followup. Cephalalgia 1996; 16: 481-485
• 832 Schnider P, Aull S, Feucht M. Use and abuse of analgesics in tension-type headache. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 162-167
• 833 Seller EM, Busto UE, Kaplan HL, Somer G, Baylon GJ. Comparative abuse liability of codeine and naratriptan. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 63: 121
• 834 Tfelt-Hansen P, Krabbe AA. Ergotamine. Do patients benefit from withdrawal?. Cephalalgia 1981; 1: 29-32

• 8.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf den Entzug einer Substanz

• 835 Abbott PJ. Caffeine: a toxicological overview. Med J Aust 1986; 145: 518-521
• 836 Epstein MT, Hockaday JM, Hockaday TDR. Migraine and reproductive hormones through the menstrual cycle. Lancet 1975; i: 543-548
• 837 Laska EM, Sunshine A, Mueller F, Elvers WB, Siegel C, Rubin A. Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant. JAMA 1984; 251: 1711-1718
• 838 Lichten E, Lichten J, Whitty A, Pieper D. The confirmation of a biochemical marker for women’s hormonal migraine : the depo-oestradiol challenge test. Headache 1996; 36: 367-371
• 839 Silverman K, Evans SM, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption. NEJM 1992; 327: 1109-1114
• 840 Somerville BW. Estrogen-withdrawal migraine. I. Duration of exposure required and attempted prophylaxis by premenstrual estrogen administration. Neurology 1975; 25: 239-244
• 841 Somerville BW. Estrogen-withdrawal migraine. II. Attempted prophylaxis by continuous estradiol administration. Neurology 1975; 25: 245-250
• 842 Somerville BW. The role of estradiol withdrawal in the etiology of menstrual migraine. Neurology 1972; 22: 355-365
• 843 Somerville BW. The role of progesterone in menstrual migraine. Neurology 1971; 21: 853-859
• 844 van Dusseldorp M, Katan MB. Headache caused by caffeine withdrawal among moderate coffee drinkers switched from ordinary to decaffeinated coffee: a 12 week double blind trial. BMJ 1990; 300: 1558-1559

• 9.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine intrakranielle Infektion

• 845 Solomon T, Michael BD, Smoth PE. et al Management of suspected viral encephalitis in adults. Association of British Neurologists and British Infection Association National Guidelines. J Infection 2012; 64: 347-373

• 9.1.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine bakterielle Meningitis oder Meningoenzephalitis

• 846 Bohr V, Hansen B, Kjersen H, Rasmussen N, Johnsen N, Kristensen HS, Jessen O. Sequelae from bacterial meningitis and their relation to the clinical condition during acute illness, based on 667 questionnaire returns. Part II of a three part series. J Infection 1983; 7 (02) 102-110
• 847 Brooks RG, Licitra CM, Peacock MG. Encephalitis caused by Coxiella burnetii. Ann Neurol 1986; 20: 91-93
• 848 Drexler ED. Severe headache: when to worry, what to do. Postgrad Med J 1990; 87 164–170 173-180
• 849 Francke E. The many causes of meningitis. Postgrad Med 1987; 82: 175-178 181–183 187–188
• 850 Gedde-Dahl TW, Lettenstrom GS, Bovre K. Coverage for meningococcal disease in the Norwegian morbidity and mortality statistics. NIPH Ann 1980; 3: 31-35
• 851 Helbok R, Broessner G, Pfausler B, Schmutzhard E. Chronic meningitis. J Neurol 2009; 256: 168-175
• 852 Jones HR, Siekert RG. Neurological manifestation of infective endocarditis. Brain 1989; 112: 1295-1315
• 853 Pachner AR, Steere AC. Neurological findings of Lyme disease. Yale Biol Med 1984; 57: 481-483
• 854 Pachner AR, Steere AC. The triad of neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease: meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculoneuritis. Neurology 1985; 35: 47-53
• 855 Tonjum T. Nilsson F, Bruun JH, Hanebeg B. The early phase of meningococcal disease. NIPH Ann 1983; 6: 175-181
• 856 van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. NEJM 2004; 351 (18) 1849-1859
• 857 Zhang SR, Zhang YS, Zhao XD. Tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus: a clinical and CT study. Chung Hua Nei Ko Tsa Chih 1989; 28: 202-204

• 9.1.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine virale Meningitis oder Enzephalitis

• 858 Ambrose HE, Granerod J, Clewley JP, Davies NW, Keir G, Cunningham R, Zuckerman M, Mutton KJ, Ward KN, Ijaz S, Crowcroft NS, Brown DW. UK Aetiology of Encephalitis Study Group. Diagnostic strategy used to establish etiologies of encephalitis in a prospective cohort of patients in England. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49: 3576-3583
• 859 Davis LE, McLaren LC. Relapsing herpes simplex encephalitis following antiviral therapy. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 192-195
• 860 Denes E, Labach C, Durox H, Adoukonou T, Weinbreck P, Magy L, Ranger-Rogez S. Intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies as a marker of herpes simplex encephalitis in patients with negative PCR. Swiss Med Wkly 2010; 140: w13107
• 861 Desmond RA, Accortt NA, Talley L, Villano SA, Soong S-J, Whitley RJ. Enteroviral meningitis: natural history and outcome of pleconaril therapy. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2006; 50: 2409-2414
• 862 Domachowske JB, Cunningham CK, Cummings DL, Crosley CJ, Hannan WP, Weiner LB. Acute manifestations and neurologic sequelae of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 871-875
• 863 Domingues RB, Kuster GW, Onuki de Castro FL, Souza VA, Levi JE, Pannuti CS. Headache features in patients with dengue virus infection. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 879-882
• 864 Farazmand P, Woolley PD, Kinghorn GR. Mollaret’s meningitis and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22: 306-307
• 865 Kennedy PG. Retrospective analsys of 46 cases of simplex encephalitis seen in Glasgow between 1962 and 1985. OJM 1988; 86: 533-540
• 866 Kennedy PG, Adams IH, Graham DI, Clements GB. A clinico-pathological study of herpes simplex encephalitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1998; 14: 395-415
• 867 Mutton K, Guiver M. Laboratory techniques for human viral encephalitis diagnosis. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2011; 11 (03) 206-234
• 868 Poneprasert B. Japanese encephalitis in children in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public health 1989; 20: 599-603
• 869 Poulikakos PJ, Sergi EE, Margaritis AS, Kioumourtzis AG, Kanellopoulos GD, Mallios PK, Dimitrakis DJ, Poulikakos DJ, Aspiotis AA, Deliousis AD, Flevaris CP, Zacharof AK. A case of recurrent benign lymphocytic (Mollaret’s) meningitis and review of the literature. J Infect Public Health 2010; 3: 192-195
• 870 Saged JI, Weinstein Mo, Miller DC. Chronic encephalitis possibly due to herpes simplex virus: two cases. Neurology 1985; 35: 1470-1472
• 871 Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P. Laboratory diagnosis of central nervous system infections caused by herpesviruses. J Clin Virol 2002; 25 (Suppl. 01) S45-S51
• 872 Singer JI, Maur PR, Riley JP, Smith PB. Management of central nervous system infections during an epidemic of enteroviral aseptic meningitis. J Pediatr 1980; 96: 559-563
• 873 Takeuchi S, Takasato Y, Masaoka H, Hayakawa T, Otani N, Yoshino Y, Yatsushige H, Sugawara T. Hemorrhagic encephalitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17: 153-154

• 9.1.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Pilz- oder andere parasitäre Infektion

• 874 Cochius JI, Burns RJ, Willoughby JO. CNS cryptococcosis: unusual aspects. Clin Exp Neurol 1989; 26: 183-191
• 875 Contini C. Clinical and diagnostic management of toxoplasmosis in the immunocompromised patient. Parassitologia 2008; 50: 45-50
• 876 Drake KW, Adam RD. Coccidioidal meningitis and brain abscesses: analysis of 71 cases at a referral center. Neurology 2009; 73: 1780-1786
• 877 Onishi A, Sugiyama D, Kogata Y, Saegusa J, Sugimoto T, Kawano S, Morinobu A, Nishimura K, Kumagai S. Diagnostic accuracy of serum 1,3-β-D-glucan for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, invasive candidiasis, and invasive aspergillosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50: 7-15
• 878 Patil SA, Katyayani S, Arvind N. Significance of antibody detection in the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2012; 33: 140-148
• 879 Prandota J. Recurrent headache as the main symptom of acquired cerebral toxoplasmosis in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with no lymphadenopathy: the parasite may be responsible for the neurogenic inflammation postulated as a cause of different types of headaches. Am J Ther 2007; 14: 63-105
• 880 Singh RR, Chaudhary SK, Bhatta NK, Khanal B, Shah D. Clinical and etiological profile of acute febrile encephalopathy in eastern Nepal. Indian J Pediatr 2009; 76: 1109-1111

• 9.1.4 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine lokalisierte Gehirninfektion

• 881 Chalstrey S, Pfleiderer AG, Moffat DA. Persisting incidence and mortality of sinogenic cerebral abscess: a continuing reflection of late clinical diagnosis. J R Soc Med 1991; 84: 193-195
• 882 Chun CH, Johnson JD, Hofstetter M, Raff MJ. Brain abscess: a study of 45 consecutive cases. Medicine 1986; 65: 415-431
• 883 French H, Schaefer N, Keijzers G, Barison D, Olson S. Intracranial subdural empyema: a 10-year case series. Ochsner J 2014; 14: 188-194
• 884 Harris LF, Maccubbin DA, Triplett JN, Haws FB. Brain abscess: recent experience at a community hospital. South Med J 1985; 78: 704-707
• 885 Hodges J, Anslow P, Gillet G. Subdural empyema: continuing diagnostic problems in the CT scan era. QJM 1986; 59: 387-393
• 886 Kulay A, Ozatik N, Topucu I. Otogenic intracranial abscesses. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990; 107: 140-146
• 887 Leotta N, Chaseling R, Duncan G, Isaacs D. Intracranial suppuration. J. Paediatr Child Health 2005; 41: 508-512
• 888 McIntyre PB, Lavercombe PS, Kemp RJ, McCormack JG. Subdural and epidural empyema: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Med J Aust 1991; 154: 653-657
• 889 Sellik JA. Epidural abscess and subdural empyema. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1989; 89: 806-810
• 890 Seven H, Coskun BU, Calis AB, Sayin I, Turgut S. Intracranial abscesses associated with chronic suppurative otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 262: 847-851
• 891 Yen PT, Chan ST, Huang TS. Brain abscess: with special reference to otolaryngologic sources of infection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 113: 15-22
• 892 Yıldırmak T, Gedik H, Simşek F, Kantürk A. Community-acquired intracranial suppurative infections: A 15-year report. Surg Neurol Int 2014; 5: 142

• 9.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine systemische Infektion

• 893 Arredondo M, Hackett J, de Bethencourt FR, Trevi A, Escudero D, Collado A, Qiu X, Swanson P, Soriano V, de Mendoza C. Prevalence of XMRV infection in different risk populations in Spain. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28: 1089-1094
• 894 Capelli E, Zola R, Lorusso L, Venturini L, Sardi F, Ricevuti G. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an update. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23 (04) 981-989
• 895 De Marinis M, Welch KM. Headache associated with non-cephalic infections: classification and mechanisms. Cephalalgia 1992; 12: 197-201
• 896 Hou CC, Lin H, Chang CP, Huang WT, Lin MT. Oxidative stress and pyrogenic fever pathogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667 1–3 6-12
• 897 Leligdowicz A, Fischer 2nd WA, Uyeki TM. et al Ebola virus disease and critical illness. Critical Care 2016; 20: 217
• 898 Saiz JC, Vázquez-Calvo Á, Blázquez AB, Merino-Ramos T, Escribano-Romero E, Martín-Acebes MA. Zika Virus: the latest newcomer. Front Microbiol 2016; 7: 496
• 899 Bigal ME, Gladstone J. The metabolic headaches. Current Pain Headache Rep 2008; 12: 292-295

• 10.1.1 Höhenkopfschmerz

• 900 Appenzeller O. Altitude headache. Headache 1972; 12: 126-129
• 901 Arngrim N, Schytz HW, Hauge MK, Ashina M, Olesen J. Carbon monoxide may be an important molecule in migraine and other headaches. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 1169-1180
• 902 Burtscher M, Mairer K, Wille M, Broessner G. Risk factors for high-altitude headache in mountaineers. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 706-711
• 903 Clarke C. Acute mountain sickness: medical problems associated with acute and subacute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 748-753
• 904 Ginsberg MD. Carbon monoxide intoxication: clinical features, neuropathology and mechanisms of injury. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1985; 23: 281-288
• 905 Heckerling PS, Leikiin JB, Maturen A, Perkins JT. Predictors of occult carbon monoxide poisoning in patients with headache and dizziness. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107: 174-176
• 906 Jafarian S, Gorouhi F, Lotfi J. Reverse association between high-altitude headache and nasal congestion. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 899-903
• 907 Linde M, Edvinsson L, Manandhar K, Risal A, Steiner TJ. Migraine associated with altitude: results from a population-based study in Nepal. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24: 1055-1061
• 908 Lipton RB, Mazer C, Newman LC, Solomon S. Sumatriptan relieves migraine-like headaches associated with carbon monoxide exposure. Headache 1997; 37: 392-395
• 909 Porcelli J, Gugelchuk G. A trek to the top: A review of acute mountain sickness. J Amer Osteopath Assoc 1995; 95: 718-720
• 910 Serrano-Dueñas M. High-altitude headache. Expert Rev Neurother 2007; 7: 245-248
• 911 Schoonman GG, Sándor PS, Agosti RM, Sicoli M. et al Normobaric hypoxia and nitroglycerin as trigger factors for migraine. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 816-819
• 912 Silber E, Sonnenberg P, Collier DJ, Pollard A, Murdoch DR, Goadsby PJ. Clinical features of headache at altitude: a prospective study. Neurology 2003; 60: 1167-1171
• 913 Wilson MH, Davagnanam I, Holland G. et al Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high-altitude headache. Ann Neurol 2013; 73: 381-389
• 914 Wilson MH, Newman S, Imray CH. The cerebral effects of ascent to high altitudes. Lancet-Neurol 2009; 8: 175-191

• 10.1.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Flugreise

• 915 Berilgen MS, Mungen B. Headache associated with airplane travel: report of six cases. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 707-711
• 916 Berilgen MS, Mungen B. A new type of headache. Headache associated with airplane travel: preliminary diagnostic criteria and possible mechanisms of aetiopathognesis. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 1266-1273
• 917 Bui SB, Petersen T, Poulsen JN, Gazerani P. Headaches attributed to airplane travel: a Danish survey. J Headache Pain 2016; 17: 33
• 918 Mainardi F, Lissotto C, Maggioni F, Zanchin G. Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen aufairplane travel (“Airplane headache”). Clinical profile based on a large case series. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 592-599
• 919 Mainardi F, Maggioni F, Zanchin G. Aeroplane headache, mountain descent headache, diving ascent headache. Three subtypes of Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen aufimbalance between intrasinusal and external air pressure?. Cephalalgia 2017 doi: 10.1177/0333102417724154 (Epub ahead of print]

• 10.1.3 Taucherkopfschmerz

• 920 Cheshire WP, Ott Jr MC. Headache in divers. Headache 2001; 41: 235-247
• 921 Di Fabio R, Vanacore N, Davassi C, Serrao M, Pierelli F. Scuba diving is not associated with high prevalence of headache: a cross-sectional study in men. Headache 2012; 52: 385-392
• 922 Edmonds RC, Greene ER, Schoene RB. et al Diving and subaquative medicine. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992: 404-406
• 923 Englund M, Risberg J. Self-reported headache during saturation diving. Aviat Space Environ Med 2003; 74: 236-241
• 924 Sliwka U, Kransney JA, Simon SG. et al Effects of sustained low-level elevations of carbon dioxide on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation of the intracerebral arteries in humans. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998; 69: 299-306

• 10.1.4 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf ein Schlafapnoe-Syndrom

• 925 Aldrich MS, Chauncey JB. Are morning headaches part of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 1265-1267
• 926 Alberti A, Mazzotta G, Gallinella E. et al Headache characteristics in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and insomnia. Acta Neurol Scand 2005; 111: 309-316
• 927 Chen PK, Fuh JL, Lane HY, Chin PY, Tien HC, Wang SJ. Morning headache in habitual snorers: frequency, characteristics, predictors and impacts. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 829-836
• 928 Greenough GP, Nowell PD, Sateia MJ. Headache complaints in relation to nocturnal oxygen saturation among patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Med 2002; 3: 361-364
• 929 Goksan B, Gunduz A, Karadeniz D. et al Morning headache in sleep apnoea: clinical and polysomnographic evaluation and reponse to nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 635-641
• 930 Kristiansen HA, Kvaerner KJ, Akre H. et al Tension-type headache and sleep apnea in the general population. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 63-69
• 931 Kristiansen HA, Kvaerner KJ, Akre H, Overland B, Sandvik L, Russell MB. Sleep apnea headache in the general population. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 451-458
• 932 Loh NK, Dinner DS, Foldvary DO, Skobieranda F, Yew WW. Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea wake up with headaches?. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1765-1768
• 933 Luchesi LM, Speciali JG, Santos-Silva R. et al Nocturnal awakening with headache and its relationship with sleep disorders in a population sample of adult inhabitants of Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 1477-1485
• 934 Mitsikostas DD, Vikelis M, Viskos A. Refractory chronic headache associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 139-143
• 935 Ozge A, Ozge C, Kaleagasi H. et al Headache in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects of chronic hypoxemia. J Headache Pain 2006; 7: 37-43
• 936 Poceta JS, Dalessio DJ. Identification and treatment of sleep apnea in patients with chronic headache. Headache 1995; 35: 586-589
• 937 Russell MB, Kristiansen HA, Kværner KJ. Headache in sleep apnea syndrome: epidemiology and pathophysiology. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 752-755
• 938 Suzuki K, Miyamoto M, Miyamoto T. et al Sleep apnoea headache in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients presenting with morning headache: comparison of the ICDH-2 and ICHD-3 beta criteria. J Headache Pain 2015; 16: 56

• 10.2 Dialysekopfschmerz

• 939 Antoniazzi AL, Bigal ME, Bordini CA, Speciali JG. Headache associated with dialysis. The IHS criteria revisited. Cephalalgia 2003; 23: 146-149
• 940 Gksel BK, Torun D, Karaca S. et al Is low blood magnesium level associated with hemodialysis headache?. Headache 2006; 46: 40-45
• 941 Antonazzzi AL, Corrado AP. Dialysis headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2007; 11: 297-303
• 942 Jameson MD, Wiegmann TB. Principles, uses, and complications of hemodialysis. Medical Clinics of North America 1990; 74: 945-960

• 10.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine arterielle Hypertonie

• 943 Dodick DW. Recurrent short-lasting headache associated with paroxysmal hypertension: a clonidine-responsive syndrome. Cephalalgia 2000; 20: 509-514
• 944 Gipponi S, Venturelli E, Rao R. et al Hypertension is a factor associated with chronic daily headache. Neurol Sci 2010; 31 (Suppl. 01) 171-173
• 945 Furlan JC. Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Dysreflexie. Neurology 2011; 77: 792-798
• 946 Gus M, Fuchs FD, Pimentel M, Rosa D, Melo AG, Moreira LB. Behavior of ambulatory blood pressure surrounding episodes of headache in mildly hypertensive patients. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 252-255
• 947 Kruszewski P, Bieniaszewski L, Neubauer J, Krupa-Wojciechowska B. Headache in patients with mild to moderate hypertension is generally not associated with simultaneous blood pressure elevation. J Hypertension 2000; 18: 437-444
• 948 Lance JW, Hinterberger H. Symptom of pheochromocytoma with particular reference to headache, correlated with catecholamine production. Arch Neurol 1976; 33: 281-288
• 949 Land SH, Donovan T. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia headache: classification recommendation [letter]. Cephalalgia 1999; 19: 67-69
• 950 Loh KC, Shlossberg AH, Abbott EC, Salisbury SR, Tan MH. Phaeochromocytoma: a ten-year survey. Quart J Med 1997; 90: 51-60
• 951 Mannelli M, Ianni L, Cilotti A, Conti A. Pheochromocytoma in Italy: A multicentric retrospective study. Eur J Endocrinol 1999; 141: 619-624
• 952 Sousa Melo E, Carrilho Aguiar F, Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA. Dyalisis headache: a narrative review. Headache 2017; 57: 161-164
• 953 Thomas JE, Rooke ED, Kvale WF. The neurologists experience with pheochromocytoma. JAMA 1966; 197: 754-758
• 954 Vaughan CJ, Delanty N. Hypertensive emergencies. Lancet 2000; 356: 411-417
• 955 Walker JJ. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2000; 56: 1260-1265
• 956 Weiss NS. Relation of high blood pressure to headache, epistaxis, and selected other symptoms. The United States Health Examination Survey of Adults. NEJM 1972; 287: 631-633
• 957 Zampaglione B, Pascale C, Marchisio M, Cavallo-Perin P. Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Prevalence and clinical presentation. Hypertension 1996; 27: 144-147

• 10.4 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine Hypothyreose

• 958 Airaghi L, Catania A. Endocrine headache. In: Seminars in headache management. Neuroendocrinological aspects of headache 4 (04) BC Decker Inc 1999; 1-15
• 959 Amy JR. Tests of thyroid function in chronic headache patients. Headache 1987; 27: 351-353
• 960 Arafah BM, Prunty D, Ybarra J, Hlavin ML, Selman WR. The dominant role of increased intrasellar pressure in the pathogenesis hypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia, and headache in patients with pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 1789-1793
• 961 Fenichel NM. Chronic headache due to masked hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1948; 29: 456-460
• 962 Levy MJ, Matharu MS, Meeran K. et al The clinical characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary tumours. Brain 2005; 128: 1921-1930
• 963 Lima Carvalho MF, de Medeiros JS, Valença MM. Headache in recent onset hypothyroidism: prevalence, characteristics and outcome after treatment with levothyroxine. Cephalalgia 2017; 37: 938-946
• 964 Moreau T. Headache in hypothyroidism. Prevalence and outcome under thyroid hormone therapy. Cephalalgia 1988; 18: 687-689

• 10.5 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Fasten

• 965 Dalton K. Food intake prior to migraine attacks. Study of 2,313 spontaneous attacks. Headache 1975; 15: 188-193
• 966 Dexter JD, Roberts J, Byer JA. The five hour glucose tolerance test and effect of low sucrose diet in migraine. Headache 1978; 18: 91-94
• 967 Malouf R, Brust JCM. Hypoglycemia: causes, neurological manifestations, and outcome. Ann Neurol 1985; 17: 421-430
• 968 Mosek AC, Korczyn A. D. Yom Kippur Headache. Neurology 1995; 45: 1953-1955
• 969 Pearce J. Insulin induced hypoglycaemia in migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1971; 34: 154-156
• 970 Service FJ. Hypoglycemic disorders. In Wyngaarden JB, Smith LH, Bennett JC. eds Cecil’s textbook of medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992: 1310-1317

• 10.6 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine kardiale Erkrankung

• 971 Blacky RA, Rittelmeyer JT, Wallace MR. Headache angina. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60: 730
• 972 Chen SP, Fuh JL, Yu WC. et al Cardiac cephalalgia: case series and review of the literature with new ICDH-II criteria revisited. Eur Neurol 2004; 24: 231-234
• 973 Bowen J, Oppenheimer G. Headache as a presentation of angina: reproduction of symptoms during angioplasty. Headache 1993; 33: 238-239
• 974 Fleetcroft R, Maddocks JL. Headache due to ischaemic heart disease. J Roy Soc Med 1985; 78: 676
• 975 Grace A, Horgan J, Breathnach K, Staunton H. Anginal headache and its basis. Cephalalgia 1997; 17: 195-196
• 976 Gutiérrez-Morlote J, Pascual J. Cardiac cephalalgia is not necessarily and exertional headache: case report. Cephalalgia 2002; 22: 765-766
• 977 Lefkowitz D, Biller J. Bregmatic headache as a manifestation of myocardial ischemia. Arch Neurol 1982; 39: 130
• 978 Lipton RB, Lowenkopf T, Bajwa ZH, Leckie RS, Ribeiro S, Newman LC, Greenberg MA. Cardiac cephalgia: a treatable form of exertional headache. Neurology 1997; 49: 813-816
• 979 Vernay D, Deffond D, Fraysse P, Dordain G. Walk headache: an unusual manifestation of ischemic heart disease. Headache 1989; 29: 350-351
• 980 Wei JH, Wang HF. Cardiac cephalalgia: case reports and review. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 892-896

• 11.1 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Erkrankungen der Schädelknochen

• 981 Bhatoe HS, Deshpande GU. Primary cranial Ewing’s sarcoma. Br J Neurosurg 1998; 12: 165-169
• 982 Hayashi T, Kuroshima Y, Yoshida K, Kawase T, Ikeda E, Mukai M. Primary osteosarcoma of the sphenoid bone with extensive periosteal extension – case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2000; 40: 419-422
• 983 Scherer A, Engelbrecht V, Nawatny J, Messing-Junger M, Reifenberger G, Modder U. MRI of the cerebellopontine angle in patients with cleidocranial dysostosis. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 2001; 173: 315-318

• 11.2.1 Zervikogener Kopfschmerz

• 984 Antonaci F, Fredriksen TA, Sjaastad O. Cervicogenic headache: clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and differential diagnosis. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001; 5: 387-392
• 985 Antonaci F, Ghirmai S, Bono G, Sandrini G, Nappi G. Cervicogenic headache: evaluation of the original diagnostic criteria. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 573-583
• 986 Bogduk N, Corrigan B, Kelly P, Schneider G, Farr R. Cervical Headache. Med J Aust 1985; 143: 202-207
• 987 Bogduk N. Cervicogenic headache: anatomic basis and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001; 5: 382-386
• 988 Bogduk N. Headache and the neck. In Goadsby PJ, Silberstein SD. eds Headache. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1997: 369-381
• 989 Fredriksen TA, Sjaastad O. Cervicogenic headache: current concepts of pathogenesis related to anatomical structure. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18 2 (Suppl. 19) S16-18
• 990 Göbel H, Edmeads JG. Disorders of the skull and cervical spine. In Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA. eds The Headaches. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000: 891-898
• 991 Knackstedt H, Bansevicius Dalius, Kjersti Aaseth. et al Cervicogenic headache in the general population: The Akershus study of chronic headache. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 1468-1476
• 992 Lance JW, Anthony M. Neck-tongue syndrome on sudden turning of the head. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1980; 43: 97-101
• 993 Leone M, D’Amico D, Grazzi L, Attanasia A, Bussone G. Cervicogenic headache: a critical review of the current diagnostic criteria. Pain 1998; 78: 1-5
• 994 Leone M, D’Amico D, Moschiano F, Farinotti M, Fillipini G, Bussone G. Possible identification of cervicogenic headache among patients with migraine: an analysis of 374 headaches. Headache 1995; 35: 461-464
• 995 Lord S, Barnsley L, Wallis B, Bogduk N. Third occipital headache: a prevalence study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1994; 57: 1187-1190
• 996 Lord SM, Bogduk N. The cervical synovial joints as sources of post-traumatic headache. J Musculoskel Pain 1996; 4: 81-94
• 997 Poughias L, Kruszewski P, Inan L. Cervicogenic headache: a clinical review with special emphasis on therapy. Funct Neurol 1997; 12: 305-317
• 998 Sjaastad O, Fredriksen TA, Stolt-Nielsen A, Salvesen R, Jansen J, Pareja JA, Sjaastad O, Fredriksen TA. Cervicogenic headache: the importance of sticking to the criteria. Funct Neurol 2002; 17: 35-36
• 999 Sjaastad O, Bakketeig LS. Prevalence of cervicogenic headache: Vågå study of headache epidemiology. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 117: 173-180

• 11.2.2 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine retropharyngeale Tendinitis

• 1000 Eastwood JD, Hudgins PA, Malone D. Retropharyngeal effusion in acute calcific prevertebral tendonitis: diagnosis with CT and MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 1789-1792
• 1001 Ekbom K, Torhall J, Annell K, Traff J. Magnetic resonance imaging in retropharyngeal tendonitis. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 266-269
• 1002 Pearce JM. Longus cervicis colli “myositis” (syn: retropharyngeal tendonitis). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1996; 61: 324-329
• 1003 Sarkozi J, Fam AG. Acute calcific retropharyngeal tendonitis: an unusual cause of neck pain. Arthritis Rheum 1984; 27: 708-710

• 11.2.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine kraniozervikale Dystonie

• 1004 Csala B, Deuschl G. Craniocervical dystonia. Pragmatic general concept or nosologic entity?. Nervenarzt 1994; 65: 75-94
• 1005 Friedman J, Standaert DG. Dystonia and its disorders. Neurol Clin 2001; 19: 681-705
• 1006 Göbel H, Deuschl G. Dauerkontraktionen kranialer oder zervikaler Muskeln. Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1997; 139: 456-458
• 1007 Göbel H, Heinze A, Heinze-Kuhn K, Austermann K. Botulinum toxin A in the treatment of headache syndromes and pericranial pain syndromes. Pain 2001; 91: 195-199

• 11.3 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Erkrankungen der Augen

• 1008 Akinci A, Güven A, Degerliyurt A, Kibar E, Mutlu M, Citirik M. The correlation between headache and refractive errors. J AAPOS 2008; 12: 290-293
• 1009 Daroff RB. Ocular causes of headache. Headache 1998; 38: 661-667
• 1010 Daum KM, Good G, Tijerina L. Symptoms in video display terminal operators and the presence of small refractive errors. J Am Optom Assoc 1988; 59: 691-697
• 1011 Gerling J, Janknecht P, Kommerell G. Orbital pain in optic neuritis and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Neuro-Ophthalmology 1998; 19: 93-99
• 1012 Göbel H, Martin TJ. Ocular disorders. In Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA. The Headaches. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000: 899-904
• 1013 Gordon GE, Chronicle EP, Rolan P. Why do we still not know whether refractive error causes headaches? Towards a framework for evidence based practice. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2001; 21: 45-50
• 1014 Lewis J, Fourman S. Subacute angle-closure glaucoma as a cause of headache in the presence of a white eye. Headache 1998; 38: 684-686
• 1015 McCluskey PJ, Lightman S, Watson PG. et al Posterior scleritis. Clinical features, systemic associations, and outcome in a large series of patients. Ophthalmology 1999; 106: 2380-2386
• 1016 Nesher R, Mimouni MD, Khoury S. et al Delayed diagnosis of subacute angle closure glaucoma in patients presenting with headaches. Acta Neurologica Belgica 2014; 114: 269-272
• 1017 Shindler KS, Sankar PS, Volpe NJ, Piltz-Seymour JR. Intermittent headaches as the presenting sign of subacute angle-closure glaucoma. Neurology 2005; 65: 757-758
• 1018 Smith JH, Garrity JA, Boes CJ. Clinical features and long-term prognosis of trochlear headaches. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21: 577-585
• 1019 Tychsen L, Tse DT, Ossoinig K, Anderson RL. Trochleitis with superior oblique myositis. Ophthalmology 1984; 91: 1075-1079
• 1020 Yangüela J, Pareja JA, Lopez N, Sanchez del Rio M. Trochleitis and migraine headache. Neurology 2002; 58: 802-805
• 1021 Yangüela J, Sánchez del Rio M, Bueno A. et al Primary trochlear headache. A new cephalgia generated and modulated on the trochlear region. Neurology 2004; 62: 1134-1140
• 1022 Zaragoza-Casares P, Gómez-Fernández T, Gómez de Liaño MA, Zaragoza-Garcia P. Bilateral idiopathic trochleitis as a cause of frontal cephalgia. Headache 2009; 49: 476-477

• 11.5 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Erkrankungen der Nase oder Nasennebenhöhlen

• 1023 Aaseth K, Grande RB, Kvaerner K, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Chronic rhinosinusitis gives a ninefold increased risk of chronic headache. The Akershus study of chronic headache. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 152-160
• 1024 Abu-Bakra M, Jones NS. Prevalence of nasal mucosal contact points in patients with facial pain compared with patients without facial pain. J Laryngol Otol 2001; 115: 629-632
• 1025 Blumenthal HJ. Headache and sinus disease. Headache 2001; 41: 883-888
• 1026 Cady RK, Dodick DW, Levine HL. et al Sinus headache: A neurology, otolaryngology, allergy and primary care consensus on diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2005; 80: 908-916
• 1027 Close LG, Aviv J. Headaches and disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Semin Neurol 1997; 17: 351-354
• 1028 Göbel H, Baloh RW. Disorders of ear, nose, and sinus. In Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA. The Headaches. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000: 905-912
• 1029 Kenny TJ, Duncavage J, Bracikowski J, Yildirim A, Murray JJ, Tanner SB. Prospective analysis of sinus symptoms and correlation with paranasal computed tomography scan. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 125: 40-43
• 1030 Lam DK, Lawrence HP, Tenenbaum HC. Aural symptoms in temporomandibular disorder patients attending a craniofacial pain unit. J Orofac Pain 2001; 15: 146-157
• 1031 Lanza DC, Kennedy DW. Adult rhinosinusitis defined. Report of the Rhinosinusitis Task Force Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 117: S1-S7
• 1032 Levine HL. Patients with headache and visual disturbance: a differentiation between migraine and sinus headache. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 126: 234-235
• 1033 Pinto A, De Rossi SS, McQuone S, Sollecito TP. Nasal mucosal headache presenting as orofacial pain: a review of the literature and a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 92: 180-183
• 1034 Seiden AM, Martin VT. Headache and the frontal sinus. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2001; 34: 227-241
• 1035 Tosun F, Gerek M, Ozkaptan Y. Nasal surgery for contact point headaches. Headache 2000; 40: 237-240
• 1036 West B, Jones NS. Endoscopy-negative, computed tomography-negative facial pain in a nasal clinic. Laryngoscope 2001; 111 4 Pt 1 581-586
• 1037 Yoon MS, Mueller D, Hansen N. et al Prevalence of facial pain in migraine: a population-based study. Cephalalgia 2009; 30: 92-96

• 11.6 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Erkrankungen der Zähne

• 1038 Alonso AA, Nixdorf DR. Case series of four different headache types presenting as tooth pain. J Endodontics 2006; 32: 1110-1113
• 1039 Fabri GM, Siqueira SR, Simione C, Nasri C, Teixeira MJ, Siqueira JT. Refractory craniofacial pain: Is there a role of periodontal disease as a comorbidity?. Arq Neuro-psiquiatria 2009; 67 2B 474-479
• 1040 Murphy E, Merrill RL. Non-odontogenic toothache. J Ir Dent Assoc 2001; 47: 46-58

• 11.7 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Erkrankungen des Kiefergelenkes

• 1041 Ballegaard V, Thede-Schmidt-Hansen P, Svensson P. et al Are headache and temporomandibular disorders related? A blinded study. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 832-841
• 1042 Egermark I, Carlsson GE, Magnusson T. A 20-year longitudinal study of subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from childhood to adulthood. Acta Odontol Scand 2001; 59: 40-48
• 1043 Franco AL, Goncalves DA, Castanharo SM. et al Migraine is the most prevalent primary headache in individuals with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofacial Pain 2010; 24: 287-292
• 1044 Glaros AG, Urban D, Locke J. Headache and temporomandibular disorders: evidence for diagnostic and behavioural overlap. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 542-549
• 1045 List T, Wahlund K, Larsson B. Psychosocial functioning and dental factors in adolescents with temporomandibular disorders: a case-control study. J Orofacial Pain 2001; 15: 218-227
• 1046 Magnusson T, Egermark I, Carlsson GE. A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35 years of age. J Orofacial Pain 2000; 14: 310-319
• 1047 Molina OF, dos Santos Junior J, Nelson SJ, Nowlin T. Profile of TMD and bruxer compared to TMD and nonbruxer patients regarding chief complaint, previous consultations, modes of therapy, and chronicity. Cranio 2000; 18: 205-219
• 1048 Ogus H. Degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint and pain-dysfunction syndrome. J Roy Soc Med 1978; 71: 748-754
• 1049 Schiffman ES, Ohrbach R, List T. et al Diagnostic criteria for Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Erkrankungen des Kiefergelenkess (TMD). Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 683-692
• 1050 Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E. et al Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: Recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group. J Orofacial Pain 2014; 28: 6-27

• 11.8 Kopf- oder Gesichtsschmerz zurückzuführen auf Entzündungen des Ligamentum stylohyoideum

• 1051 Colby CC, Del Gaudio JM. Stylohyoid complex syndrome: a new diagnostic classification. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 137: 248-252
• 1052 Allet JL, Allet RE. Somatoform disorders in neurological practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006; 19: 413-420
• 1053 Borkum JM. Chronic headaches and the neurobiology of somatization. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2010; 14: 55-61
• 1054 Canestri P, Galli F, Guidetti V, Tomaciello A. Chronic daily headache in children and adolescents: a two years follow-up. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 288
• 1055 Curioso EP, Young WB, Shecter AL, Kaiser R. Psychiatric comorbidity predicts outcome in chronic daily headache patients. Neurology 1999; 52 (Suppl. 02) A471
• 1056 Gambini O, Islam L, Demartini B, Scarone S. Psychiatric issues in patients with headaches. Neurol Sci 2010; 31 (Suppl. 01) S111-S113
• 1057 Guidetti V, Galli F, Fabrizi P, Napoli L, Giannantoni AS, Bruni O, Trillo S. Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: clinical aspects and outcome in an 8-year follow-up study. Cephalalgia 1998; 18: 455-462
• 1058 Hung CI, Liu CY, Cheng YT, Wang SJ. Migraine: a missing link between somatic symptoms and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2009; 117 1–2 108-115
• 1059 Lake A. Behavioral and nonpharmacologic treatments of headache. Med Clin North Am 2001; 85: 1055-1075
• 1060 Lake AE, 3 rd Rains JC, Penzien DB, Lipchik GL. Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: historical context, research relevance, and clinical implications. Headache 2005; 45: 493-506
• 1061 Maizels M, Burchette R. Somatic symptoms in headache patients: the influence of headache diagnosis, frequency, and comorbidity. Headache 2004; 44: 983-993
• 1062 Marazzitti D, Toni C, Pedri S, Bonucelli U. et al Prevalence of headache syndromes in panic disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999; 14: 247-251
• 1063 Mitsikostas DD, Thomas AM. Comorbidity of headache and depressive disorders. Cephalalgia 1999; 19: 211-217
• 1064 Nicholson RA. Chronic headache: the role of the psychologist. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2010; 14: 47-54
• 1065 Pakalnis A, Greenberg G, Drake ME, Paolich J. Pediatric migraine prophylaxis with divalproex. J Child Neurol 2001; 16: 731-734
• 1066 Radat F. Psychopathology and headache. Rev Neurol 2000; 156 (Suppl. 04) 4S62-67
• 1067 Radat F, Milowska D, Valade D. Headaches secondary to psychiatric disorders (HSPD): a retrospective study of 87 patients. Headache 2011; 51: 789-795
• 1068 Radat F, Sakh D, Lutz G, el Amrani M, Ferreri M, Bousser MG. Psychiatric comorbidity is related to headache induced by chronic substance use in migraineurs. Headache 1999; 39: 477-480
• 1069 Radat F, Swendsen J. Psychiatric comorbidity in migraine: a review. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 165-178
• 1070 Smitherman TA, Baskin SM. Headache secondary to psychiatric disorders. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2008; 12: 305-310
• 1071 Voigt K, Nagel A, Meyer B, Langs G, Braukhaus C, Löwe B. Towards positive diagnostic criteria: a systematic review of somatoform disorder diagnoses and suggestions for future classification. J Psychosom Res 2010; 68: 403-414
• 1072 Yutzy S. Somatoform disorders. In Tasman A, Kay J, Lieberman JA. eds Psychiatry. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons; 2003: 1419-1420

• 13.1.1 Trigeminusneuralgie

• 1073 Benoliel R, Eliav E, Sharav Y. Self-reports of pain-related awakenings in persistent orofacial pain patients. J Orofac Pain 2009; 23: 330-338
• 1074 Cruccu G, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS, Scholz J, Sindou M, Svensson P, Treede R-D, Zakrzweska JM, Nurmikko T. Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for clinical practice and research. Neurology 2016; 87: 220-228
• 1075 Di Stefano G, Maarbjerg S, Nurmikko T, Truini A, Cruccu G. Triggering trigeminal neuralgia. Cephalalgia 2017 Jan 1:333102417721677. doi: 10.1177/0333102417721677 [Epub ahead of print]
• 1076 Drangsholt M, Truelove E. Trigeminal neuralgia mistaken as temporomandibular disorder. J Evid Base Dent Pract 2001; 1: 41-50
• 1077 Fromm GH, Graff-Radford SB, Terrence CF, Sweet WH. Pre-trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology 1990; 40: 1493-1495
• 1078 Haviv Y, Khan J, Zini A, Almoznino G, Sharav Y, Benoliel R. Trigeminal neuralgia (part I). Revisiting the clinical phenotype. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 730-746
• 1079 Koopman JSHA, Dieleman JP, Huygen FJ, de Mos N, Martin CGM, Sturkenboom MCJM. Incidence of facial pain in the general population. Pain 2009; 147: 122-7
• 1080 Mueller D, Obermann M, Yoon MS. et al Prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia and persistent idiopathic facial pain: A population-based study. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 1542-1548
• 1081 Obermann M, Yoon MS, Ese D. et al Impaired trigeminal nociceptive processing in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology 2007; 69: 835-841
• 1082 Pareja JA, Cuadrado ML, Caminero AB, Barriga FJ, Baron M, Sanchez-del-Rio M. Duration of attacks of first division trigeminal neuralgia. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 305-308
• 1083 Rasmussen P. Facial pain. II. A prospective survey of 1052 patients with a view of: character of the attacks, onset, course, and character of pain. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990; 107: 121-128
• 1084 Rasmussen P. Facial pain. III. A prospective study of the localization of facial pain in 1052 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1991; 108: 53-63
• 1085 Rasmussen P. Facial pain. IV. A prospective study of 1052 patients with a view of: precipitating factors, associated symptoms, objective psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1991; 108: 100-109

• 13.1.1.1 Klassische Trigeminusneuralgie

• 1086 Antonini G, Di Pasquale A, Cruccu G. et al Magnetic resonance imaging contribution for diagnosing symptomatic neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia: a blinded case-control study and meta-analysis. Pain 2014; 155: 1464-1471
• 1087 Bowsher D, Miles JB, Haggett CE, Eldridge PR. Trigeminal neuralgia: a quantitative sensory perception threshold study in patients who had not undergone previous invasive procedures. J Neurosurg 1997; 86: 190-192
• 1088 Leal PR, Barbier C, Hermier M, Souza MA, Cristino-Filho G, Sindou M. Atrophic changes in the trigeminal nerves of patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular compression and their association with the severity of compression and clinical outcomes. J Neurosurg 2014; 120: 1484-1495
• 1089 Maarbjerg S, Wolfram F, Gozalov A, Olesen J, Bendtsen L. Significance of neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia. Brain 2015; 138: 311-319

• 13.1.1.2 Sekundäre Trigeminusneuralgie

• 1090 Cheng TM, Cascino TL, Onofrio BM. Comprehensive study of diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to tumors. Neurology 1993; 43: 2298-2302
• 1091 Coffey RJ, Fromm GH. Familial trigeminal neuralgia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Report of two families and review. Surg Neurol 1991; 35: 49-53
• 1092 Cruccu G, Biasiotta A, Di RS. et al Trigeminal neuralgia and pain related to multiple sclerosis. Pain 2009; 143: 186-191
• 1093 De Paula Lucas C, Zabramski JM. Dural arteriovenous fistula of the transverse-sigmoid sinus causing trigeminal neuralgia. Acta Neurochir 2007; 149: 1249-1253
• 1094 O’Connor AB, Schwid SR, Herrmann DN. et al Pain associated with multiple sclerosis: systematic review and proposed classification. Pain 2008; 137: 96-111
• 1095 Tanaka BS, Zhao P, Dib-Hajj FB, Morisset V, Tate S, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. A gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.6 in a case of trigeminal neuralgia. Mol Med 2016; 22: 338-348
• 1096 Truini A, Prosperini L, Calistri V. et al A dual concurrent mechanism explains trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2016; 86: 2094-2099
• 1097 Wei Y, Zhao W, Pu C. et al Clinical features and long-term surgical outcomes in 39 patients with tumor-related trigeminal neuralgia compared with 360 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Br J Neurosurg 2017; 31: 101-106
• 1098 Yip V, Michael BD, Nahser HC, Smith D. Arteriovenous malformation: a rare cause of trigeminal neuralgia identified by magnetic resonance imaging with constructive interference in steady state sequences. QJM 2012; 105: 895-898

• 13.1.1.3 Idiopathische Trigeminusneuralgie

• 1099 Lee A, McCartney S, Burbidge C, Raslan AM, Burchiel KJ. Trigeminal neuralgia occurs and recurs in the absence of neurovascular compression. J Neurosurg 2014; 120: 1048-1054

• 13.1.2.1 Schmerzhafte Trigeminusneuropathie zurückzuführen auf einen Herpes zoster

• 1100 Dworkin RH, Portenoy RK. Pain and its persistence in herpes zoster. Pain 1996; 67: 241-252
• 1101 Haanpää M, Dastidar P, Weinberg A, Levin M, Miettinen A, Lapinlampi A-M, Laippala P, Nurmikko T. Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with acute herpes zoster. Neurology 1998; 51: 1405-1411
• 1102 Liesegang TJ. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Natural history, risk factors, clinical presentation, and morbidity. Ophthalmology 2008; 115 (Suppl. 02) S3-12

• 13.1.2.2 Postherpetische Trigeminusneuralgie

• 1103 Alvarez FK, de Siqueira SR, Okada M. et al Evaluation of the sensation in patients with trigeminal post-herpetic neuralgia. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36: 347-350
• 1104 Truini A, Galeotti F, Haanpää M. et al Pathophysiology of pain in postherpetic neuralgia: A clinical and neurophysiological study. Pain 2008; 140: 405-410
• 1105 Truini A, Haanpää M, Provitera V. et al Differential myelinated and unmyelinated sensory and autonomic skin nerve fiber involvement in patients with ophthalmic postherpetic neuralgia. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9: 105

• 13.1.2.3 Schmerzhafte traumatische Trigeminusneuropathie

• 1106 Benoliel R, Birenboim R, Regev E, Eliav E. Neurosensory changes in the infraorbital nerve following zygomatic fractures. Oral Surg 2005; 99: 657-665
• 1107 Benoliel R, Zadik Y, Eliav E and Sharav Y. Peripheral painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy: Clinical features in 91 cases and proposal of novel diagnostic criteria. J Orofac Pain 2012; 26: 49-58
• 1108 Jääskeläinen S K, Teerijoki-Oksa T, Forssell H. Neurophysiologic and quantitative sensory testing in the diagnosis of trigeminal neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Pain 2005; 117: 349-357
• 1109 Polycarpou N, Ng YL, Canavan D. et al Prevalence of persistent pain after endodontic treatment and factors affecting its occurrence in cases with complete radiographic healing. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 169-178
• 1110 Queral-Godoy E, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellon E, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. Frequency and evolution of lingual nerve lesions following lower third molar extraction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64: 402-407
• 1111 Renton T and Yilmaz Z. Profiling of patients presenting with posttraumatic neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve. J Orofac Pain 2011; 25: 333-344

• 13.1.2.4 Schmerzhafte Trigeminusneuropathie zurückzuführen auf eine andere Erkrankung

• 1112 Cruccu G, Penisi EM, Antonini G. et al Trigeminal isolated sensory neuropathy (TISN) and FOSMN syndrome: despite a dissimilar disease course do they share common pathophysiological mechanisms?. BMC Neurol 2014; 14: 248
• 1113 Klasser GD, Balasubramaniam R, Epstein J. Topical review—Connective tissue diseases: Orofacial manifestations including pain. J Orofac Pain 2007; 21: 171-184

• 13.2.1 Glossopharyngeusneuralgie

• 1114 Blumenfeld A, Nikolskaya G. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013; 17: 343
• 1115 Huynh-Le P, Matsishima T. Hisada K. Matsumoto K. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia due to an epidermoid tumour in the cerebellopontine angle. J Clin Neurosci 2004; 11: 758-760
• 1116 Kandan SR, Khan S, Jeyaretna DS, Lhatoo S, Patel NK, Coakham HB. Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves: long-term outcome following surgical treatment and literature review. Br J Neurosurg 2010; 24: 441-446
• 1117 Minagar A, Sheremata WA. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia and MS. Neurology 2000; 54: 1368-1370
• 1118 Patel A, Kassam A, Horowitz M, Chang YF. Microvascular decompression in the management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: Analysis of 217 cases. Neurosurgery 2002; 50: 705-710
• 1119 Peet MM. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Ann Surg 1935; 101: 256-258
• 1120 Saman Y, Whitehead D, Gleeson M. Jugular foramen schwannoma presenting with glossopharyngeal neuralgia syncope syndrome. J Laryngol Otol 2010; 124: 1305-1308
• 1121 Tanrikulu L, Hastreiter P, Dorfler A, Buchfelder M, Naraghi R. Classification of neurovascular compression in glossophgaryngeal neuralgia: three-dimensional visualiztion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6: 189

• 13.2.2 Schmerzhafte Glossopharyngeusneuropathie

• 1122 Bakar B. The jugular foramen schwannomas : Review of the large surgical series. J Kor Neurosurg Soc 2008; 44: 285-294
• 1123 Kalladka M, Nasri-Heir C, Eliav E, Ananthan S, Viswanath A, Heir G. Continuous neuropathic pain secondary to endoscopic procedures: report of two cases and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122: e55-e59
• 1124 Shin HY, Park HJ, Choi YC, Kim SM. Clinical and electromyographic features of radiation-induced lower cranial neuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124: 598-602

• 13.3.1 Intermediusneuralgie

• 1125 Pulec JL. Geniculate neuralgia: Long-term results of surgical treatment. Ear Nose Throat J 2002; 81: 30-33
• 1126 Riederer F, Sándor PS, Linnebank M, Ettlin DA. Familial occipital and nervus intermedius neuralgia in a Swiss family. J Headache Pain 2010; 11: 335-338
• 1127 Saers SJF, Han KS, de Rue JA. Microvascular decompression may be an effective treatment for nervus intermedius neuralgia. J Laryngol Otol 2011; 125: 520-522
• 1128 Tubbs RS, Steck DT, Mortazavi MM, Cohgen-Gadol AA. The nervus intermedius: A review of its anatomy, function, pathology, and role in neurosurgery. World Neurosurg 2013; 79: 763-767

• 13.3.2 Schmerzhafte Intermediusneuralgie

• 1129 Günther M, Danckwardt-Lillieström Gudjonsson O, Nyberg G, Kinnefors A, Rask-Andersen H, Ekvall L. Surgical treatment of patients with facial neuromas. Report of 26 consecutive operations. Otol Neurotol 2010; 31: 1493-1497
• 1130 Oldenburg MS, Carlson ML, Van Abel KM, Driscoll CL, Link MJ. Management of geniculate ganglion hemangiomas. Case series and systematic review of the literature. Otol Neurotol 2015; 36: 1735-1740
• 1131 Sweeney CJ, Gilden DH. Ramsay Hunt syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71: 149-154

• 13.4 Okzipitalisneuralgie

• 1132 Bartsch T, Goadsby P. Anatomy and physiology of pain referral in primary and cervicogenic headache disorders. Headache Curr 2005; 2: 42-48
• 1133 Boes Ch. C2 myelitis presenting with neuralgiform occipital pain. Neurology 2005; 64: 1093-1094
• 1134 Bogduk N. et al The anatomy and pathphysiology of neck pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Amer 2005; 14: 455-472
• 1135 Ehni G, Benner B. Occipital neuralgia and the C1-C2 arthrosis syndrome. NEJM 1984; 310: 127

• 13.5 Nacken-Zungen-Syndrom

• 1136 Bogduk N. An anatomical basis for the neck-tongue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981; 44: 202-208
• 1137 Elisevich K, Stratford J, Bray G. et al Neck tongue syndrome: Operative management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47: 407-409
• 1138 Evans RW, Lance JW. Expert opinion: Transient headache with numbness of half of the tongue. Headache 2000; 40: 692-693
• 1139 Fortin CJ, Biller J. Neck tongue syndrome. Headache 1985; 25: 255-258
• 1140 Gelfand AA, Johnson H, Lenaerts ME, Litwin JR, De Mesa C, Bogduk N, Goadsby PJ. Neck-tongue syndrome: A systematic review. Cephalalgia 2017 doi: 10.1177/0333102416681570 [Epub ahead of print]
• 1141 Lance JW, Anthony M. Neck-tongue syndrome on sudden turning of the head. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980; 43: 97-101
• 1142 Lenaerts M, Poblete R. Neck-tongue syndrome and its presentations. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 143
• 1143 Lewis DW, Frank LM, Toor S. Familial neck-tongue syndrome. Headache 2003; 43: 132-134
• 1144 Orrell RW, Marsden CD. The neck-tongue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 348-352
• 1145 Sjaastad O, Bakketeig LS. Neck-tongue syndrome and related (?) conditions. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 233-240
• 1146 Webb J, March L, Tyndall A. The neck-tongue syndrome: Occurrence with cervical arthritis as well as normals. J Rheumatol 1984; 11: 530-533
• 1147 Wig S, Romanowski C, Akil M. An unusual cause of the neck-tongue syndrome. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 857-858
• 1148 Wong SL, Paviour DC, Clifford-Jones RE. Chiari-1 malformation and the neck-tongue syndrome: cause or coincidence?. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 994-995

• 13.6 Schmerzhafte Optikusneuritis

• 1149 Du Y, Yang J, Li JJ, Zhou RW, He JF. Unilateral optic neuritis in a Chinese population in three centers. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18: 902-904
• 1150 Fazzone HE, Lefton DR, Kupersmith MJ. Optic neuritis: correlation of pain and magnetic resonance imaging. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 1646-1649
• 1151 Optic Neuritis Study Group The clinical profile of optic neuritis. Experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Arch Ophthalmol 1991; 109: 1673-1678

• 13.7 Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf eine ischämische Lähmung des N. oculomotorius

• 1152 Kennard C. Disorders of eye movements I. In Swash M, Oxbury J. eds Clinical neurology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1991: 446-447
• 1153 Waind APB. Ocular nerve palsy associated with severe headache. BMJ 1956; 2: 901-902
• 1154 Wilker S, Rucker J, Newman N, Biousse V, Tomsak R. Pain in ischemic ocular motor nerve palsies. Br J Ophthalmology 2009; 93: 1657-1659

• 13.8 Tolosa-Hunt-Syndrom

• 1155 Cakirer S. MRI findings in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome before and after systemic corticosteroid therapy. Eur J Radiol 2003; 45: 83-90
• 1156 Cohn DF, Carasso R, Streifler M. Painful ophthalmoplegia: the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Eur Neurol 1979; 18: 373-381
• 1157 de Arcaya AA, Cerezal L, Canga A, Polo JM, Berciano J, Pascual J. Neuroimaging diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: MRI contribution. Headache 1999; 39: 321-325
• 1158 Goto Y, Goto I, Hosokawa S. Neurological and radiological studies in painful ophthalmoplegia: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumour. J Neurol 1989; 236: 448-451
• 1159 La Mantia L, Curone M, Rapoport AM, Bussone G. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: critical literature review based on IHS 2004 criteria. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 772-781
• 1160 Odabasi Z, Gokcil Z, Atilla S, Pabuscu Y, Vural O, Yardim M. The value of MRI in a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Clinical Neurol Neurosurg 1997; 99: 151-154
• 1161 Straube A, Bandmann O, Buttner U, Schmidt H. A contrast enhanced lesion of the III nerve on MR of a patient with ophthalmoplegic migraine as evidence for a Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Headache 1993; 33: 446-448

• 13.9 Paratrigeminales okulosympathisches (Raeder-) Syndrom

• 1162 Goadsby PJ. Raeder’s syndrome: paratrigeminal paralysis of the oculopupillary sympathetic system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2002; 72: 297-299
• 1163 Shoja MM, Tubbs RS, Ghabili K, Loukas M, Oakes WJ, Cohen-Gadol AA. Johan Georg Raeder and paratrigeminal sympathetic paresis. Childs Nerv Syst 2010; 26: 373-376
• 1164 Solomon S. Raeder syndrome. Arch Neurol 2001; 58: 661-662

• 13.10 Rezidivierende schmerzhafte ophthalmoplegische Neuropathie

• 1165 Bharucha DX, Campbell TB, Valencia I, Hardison HH, Kothare SV. MRI findings in pediatric ophthalmoplegic migraine: a case report and literature review. Pediatric Neurol 2007; 37: 59-63
• 1166 Doran M, Larner AJ. MRI findings in ophthalmoplegic migraine: nosological implications. J Neurol 2004; 251: 100-101
• 1167 Gelfand AA, Gelfand JM, Prabakhar P, Goadsby PJ. Ophthalmoplegic ‘’migraine’’ or recurrent ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy: New cases and a systematic review. J Child Neurol 2012; 27: 759-766
• 1168 Lance JW, Zagami AS. Ophthalmoplegic migraine: a recurrent demyelinating neuropathy?. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 84-89
• 1169 Weiss AH, Phillips JO. Ophthalmoplegic migraine. Pediatric Neurol 2004; 30: 64-66

• 13.11 Syndrom des brennenden Mundes

• 1170 Bergdahl M, Bergdahl J. Burning mouth syndrome: prevalence and associated factors. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28: 350-354
• 1171 Eliav E, Kamran B, Schaham R, Czerninski R, Gracely RH, Benoliel R. Evidence of chorda tympani dysfunction in patients with burning mouth syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138: 628-633
• 1172 Forssell H, Jaaskelainen S, Tenovuo O, Hinkka S. Sensory dysfunction in burning mouth syndrome. Pain 2002; 99: 41-47
• 1173 Jaaskelainen SK, Forssell H, Tenovuo O. Abnormalities of the blink reflex in burning mouth syndrome. Pain 1997; 73: 455-460
• 1174 Lauria G, Majorana A, Borgna M, Lombardi R, Penza P, Padovani A. et al Trigeminal small-fiber sensory neuropathy causes burning mouth syndrome. Pain 2005; 115: 332-337
• 1175 Patton LL, Siegel MA, Benoliel R, De Laat A. Management of burning mouth syndrome: systematic review and management recommendations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007; 103 (Suppl. 39) 1-13
• 1176 Sardella A, Gualerzi A, Lodi G, Sforza C, Carrassi A, Donetti E. Morphological evaluation of tongue mucosa in burning mouth syndrome. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57: 94-101
• 1177 Scala A, Checchi L, Montevecchi M, Marini I, Giamberardino MA. Update on burning mouth syndrome: overview and patient management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003; 14: 275-291
• 1178 Woda A, Pionchon P. A unified concept of idiopathic orofacial pain: clinical features. J Orofac Pain 1999; 13: 172-184

• 13.12 Anhaltender idiopathischer Gesichtsschmerz

• 1179 Aggarwal VR, McBeth J, Lunt M, Zakrzewska JM, Macfarlane GJ. Development and validation of classification criteria for idiopathic orofacial pain for use in population-based studies. J Orofac Pain 2007; 21: 203-215
• 1180 Aggarwal VR, McBeth J, Lunt M, Zakrzewska J, Macfarlane GJ. Epidemiology of chronic symptoms that are frequently unexplained: do they share common associated factors?. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35: 468-476
• 1181 Forssell H, Tenovuo O, Silvoniemi P, Jääskeläinen SK. Differences and similarities between atypical facial pain and trigeminal neuropathic pain. Neurology 2007; 69: 1451-1459
• 1182 List T, Leijon G, Svensson P. Somatosensory abnormalities in atypical odontalgia: A case-control study. Pain 2008; 139: 333-341
• 1183 Pfaffenrath V, Rath M, Pollmann W, Keeser W. Atypical facial pain – application of the IHS criteria in a clinical sample. Cephalalgia 1993; 13 (Suppl. 12) 84-88
• 1184 Sardella A, Demarosi F, Barbieri C, Lodi G. An up-to-date view on persistent idiopathic facial pain. Minerva Stomatol 2009; 58: 289-299

• 13.13 Zentraler neuropathischer Schmerz

• 1185 Abhinav K, Love S, Kalantzis G, Coakham HB, Patel NK. Clinicopathological review of patients with and without multiple sclerosis treated by partial sensory rhizotomy for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia: A 12-year retrospective study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114: 361-365
• 1186 Cruccu G, Biasiotta A, Di Rezze S, Fiorelli M, Galeotti F, Innocenti P. et al Trigeminal neuralgia and pain related to multiple sclerosis. Pain 2009; 143: 186-191
• 1187 Jensen TS, Rasmussen P, Reske-Nielsen E. Association of trigeminal neuralgia with multiple sclerosis : clinical pathological features. Acta Neurol Scand 1982; 65: 182-189
• 1188 Putzki N, Pfriem A, Limmroth V, Yaldizli O, Tettenborn B, Diener HC. et al Prevalence of migraine, tension-type headache and trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16: 262-267

• 13.13.1 Zentraler neuropathischer Schmerz zurückzuführen auf Multiple Sklerose

• 1189 Mills RJ, Young CA, Smith ET. Central trigeminal involvement in multiple sclerosis using high-resolution MRI at 3 T. Br J Radiol 2010; 83: 493-498
• 1190 Osterberg A, Boivie J. Central pain in multiple sclerosis – sensory abnormalities. Eur J Pain 2010; 14: 104-110
• 1191 Osterberg A, Boivie J, Thuomas KA. Central pain in multiple sclerosis – prevalence and clinical characteristics. Eur J Pain 2005; 9: 531-542

• 13.13.2 Zentraler neuropathischer Schmerz nach Schlaganfall

• 1192 Bowsher D, Leijon G, Thuomas KA. Central poststroke pain. Correlation of MRI with clinical pain characteristics and sensory abnormalities. Neurology 1998; 51: 1352-1358
• 1193 Fitzek S, Baumgartner U, Fitzek C. et al Mechanisms and Predictors of chronic facial pain in lateral medullary infarction. Ann Neurol 2001; 49: 493-500
• 1194 Hong JH, Bai DS, Jeong JY, Choi BY, Chang CH, Kim SH. et al Injury of the spino-thalamo-cortical pathway is necessary for central post-stroke pain. Eur Neurol 2010; 64: 163-168
• 1195 Kalita J, Kumar B, Misra UK, Pradhan PK. Central post stroke pain: clinical, MRI, and SPECT correlation. Pain Med 2011; 12: 282-288
• 1196 Klit H, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS. Central post-stroke pain: clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and management. Lancet-Neurology 2009; 8: 857-868
• 1197 MacGowan DJ, Janal MN, Clark WC, Wharton RN, Lazar RM, Sacco RL. et al Central poststroke pain and Wallenberg’s lateral medullary infarction: frequency, character, and determinants in 63 patients. Neurology 1997; 49: 120-125
• 1198 Tuveson B, Leffler AS, Hansson P. Influence of heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation on spontaneous pain and dynamic mechanical allodynia in central post-stroke pain patients. Pain 2009; 143: 84-91
• 1199 Belcastro V, Cupini LM, Corbelli I. et al Palinopsia in patients with migraine: A case-control study. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 999-1004
• 1200 Bisdorff A, von Brevern M, Lempert T, Newman-Toker DE. (on behalf of the Committee for the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society) Classification of vestibular symptoms: Towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. J Vest Res 2009; 19: 1-13
• 1201 Brantberg K, Baloh RW. Similarity of vertigo attacks due to Meniere’s disease and benign recurrent vertigo both with and without migraine. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131: 722-727
• 1202 Cass SP, Ankerstjerne JKP, Yetiser S, Furman J, Balaban C, Aydogan B. Migraine-related vestibulopathy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997; 106: 182-189
• 1203 Cho SJ, Kim BK, Kim BS, Kim JM, Kim SK, Moon HS, Song TJ, Cha MJ, Park KY, Sohn JH. Vestibular migraine in multicenter neurology clinics according to the Anhang criteria in the third beta edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 454-462
• 1204 Cutrer FM, Baloh RW. Migraine-associated dizziness. Headache 1992; 32: 300-304
• 1205 Dieterich M, Brandt T. Episodic vertigo related to migraine (90 cases): vestibular migraine?. J Neurol 1999; 246: 883-892
• 1206 Heinzen EL, Swoboda KJ, Hitomi Y, Gurrieri F, Nicole S, de Vries B. et al De novo mutations in ATP1A3 cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Nat Genet 2012; 44: 1030-1034
• 1207 Jäger HR, Giffin NJ, Goadsby PJ. Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MR imaging in persistent migrainous visual disturbances. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 323-332
• 1208 Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston J, Seemungal B, Carey J, Bisdorff A. Versino M, Evers S, Newman-Toker D. Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria. Consensus document of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. J Vest Res 2012; 22: 167-172
• 1209 Li D, Christensen AF, Olesen J. Field-testing of the ICHD-3 beta/proposed ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 748-756
• 1210 Liu GT, Schatz NJ, Galetta SL. et al Persistent positive visual phenomena in migraine. Neurology 1995; 45: 664-668
• 1211 Neff BA, Staab JP, Eggers SD, Carlson ML, Schmitt WR, Van Abel KM, Worthington DK, Beatty CW, Driscoll CL, Shepard NT. Auditory and vestibular symptoms and chronic subjective dizziness in patients with Meniere’s disease, vestibular migraine and Meniere’s disease with concomitant vestibular migraine. Otol Neurotol 2012; 33: 1235-1244
• 1212 Neuhauser H, Leopold M, von Brevern M, Arnold G, Lempert T. The interrelations of migraine, vertigo, and migrainous vertigo. Neurology 2001; 56: 436-441
• 1213 Neuhauser H, Radtke A, von Brevern M, Feldmann M, Lezius F, Ziese T, Lempert T. Migrainous vertigo: prevalence and impact on quality of life. Neurology 2006; 67: 1028-1033
• 1214 Oh AK, Lee H, Jen JC, Corona S, Jacobson KM, Baloh RW. Familial benign recurrent vertigo. Am J Med Genet 2001; 100: 287-291
• 1215 Perenboom M, Zamanipoor Najafabadi A, Zielman R. et al Visual sensitivity is more enhanced in migraineurs with aura than in migraineurs without aura. Cephalalgia 2015; 35 suppl 1224-1226
• 1216 Radtke A, Neuhauser H, von Brevern M, Hottenrott T, Lempert T. Vestibular migraine – validity of clinical diagnostic criteria. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 906-913
• 1217 Schankin CJ, Maniyar FH, Digre KB. et al ‘Visual snow’ – A disorder distinct from persistent migraine aura. Brain 2014; 137: 1419-1428
• 1218 Schankin CJ, Maniyar FH, Springer T. et al The relation between migraine, typical migraine aura and “visual snow”. Headache 2014; 54: 957-966
• 1219 Versino M, Sances G. Dizziness and migraine: a causal relationship?. Funct Neurol 2003; 18: 97-101
• 1220 Vetvik KG, Benth JŠ, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Menstrual versus non-menstrual attacks of migraine without aura in women with and without menstrual migraine. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 1261-1268
• 1221 Vetvik KG, Macgregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Prevalence of menstrual migraine: a population-based study. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 280-288
• 1222 Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. A clinical interview versus prospective headache diaries in the diagnosis of menstrual migraine without aura. Cephalalgia 2015; 35: 410-416
• 1223 Zhang Y, Kong Q, Chen J, Li L, Wang D, Zhou J. International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 rd edition beta based testing of vestibular migraine in China: Demographic, clinical characteristics, audiometric findings and diagnosis statues. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 240-248
• 1224 Chu MK, Cho SJ, Kim JM, Hwang SH. Field testing the alternative criteria for tension-type headache proposed in the third beta edition of the international classification of headache disorders: results from the Korean headache-sleep study. J Headache Pain 2014; 15: 28
• 1225 de Coo IF, Wilbrink LA, Haan J, Ferrari MD, Terwindt GM. Evaluation of the new ICHD-III beta cluster headache criteria. Cephalalgia 2016; 36: 547-551
• 1226 Cuadrado ML, Gómez-Vicente L, Porta-Etessam J, Marcos-de-Vega MA, Parejo-Carbonell B, Matías-Guiu J. Paroxysmal head pain with backward radiation. Will epicrania fugax go in the opposite direction?. J Headache Pain 2010; 11: 75-78
• 1227 Cuadrado ML, Guerrero AL, Pareja JA. Epicrania fugax. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2016; 20: 21
• 1228 Guerrero AL, Cuadrado ML, Porta-Etessam J, García-Ramos R, Gómez-Vicente L, Herrero S, Peñas ML, Fernández R. Epicrania fugax: ten new cases and therapeutic results. Headache 2010; 50: 451-458
• 1229 Herrero-Velázquez S, Guerrero-Peral ÁL, Mulero P, Peñas-Martínez ML, Cortijo E, Miranda S, Rojo-Martínez E, Henao A, Rodríguez R, Pedraza M, Hurtado ML, Marco-Llorente J, Fernández-Buey MN, Fernández R. Epicrania fugax: the clinical characteristics of a series of 18 patients. Rev Neurol 2011; 53: 531-537
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• 1231 Pareja JA, Alvarez M, Montojo T. Epicrania fugax with backward radiation. J Headache Pain 2012; 13: 175
• 1232 Pareja JA, Cuadrado ML, Fernández de las Peñas C, Caminero AB, Nieto C, Sánchez C, Sols M, Porta-Etessam J. Epicrania fugax: an ultrabrief paroxysmal epicranial pain. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 257-263
• 1233 Lucas S, Hoffman JM, Bell KR, Dikmen S. A prospective study of prevalence and characterization of headache following mild traumatic brain injury. Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 93-102
• 1234 Lucas S, Hoffman JM, Bell KR, Walker W, Dikmen S. Characterization of headache after traumatic brain injury. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 600-606
• 1235 Olesen J. Problem areas in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3 rd edition (beta). Cephalalgia 2014; 34: 1193-1199
• 1236 Theeler BJ, Erickson JC. Post-traumatic headaches: time for a revised classification?. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 589-591
• 1237 Theeler BJ, Flynn FG, Erickson JC. Headaches after concussion in US soldiers returning from Iraq or Afghanistan. Headache 2010; 50: 1262-1272
• 1238 Theeler B, Lucas S, Riechers RG, Ruff RL. Post-traumatic headaches in civilians and military personnel: a comparative, clinical review. Headache 2013; 53: 881-900
• 1239 Belcastro V, Striano P, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DGA. et al Migralepsy, hemicrania epileptica, post-ictal headache and ‘‘ictal epileptic headache’’: a proposal for terminology and classification revision. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 289-294
• 1240 Canuet L, Ishii R, Iwase M, Kurimoto R, Ikezawa K, Azechi M, Takahashi H, Nakahachi T, Takeda M. Cephalic auras of supplementary motor area origin: an ictal MEG and SAM(g2) study. Epilepsy Behav 2008; 13: 570-574
• 1241 Dinwiddie SH, Huo D, Gottlieb O. The course of myalgia and headache after electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT 2010; 26: 116-120
• 1242 Kertesz DP, Trabekin O, Vanetik MS. Headache treatment after electroconvulsive treatment: A single-blinded trial comparator between eletriptan and paracetamol. ECT 2015; 31: 105-109
• 1243 Mendez MF, Doss RC, Taylor JL, Arguello R. Relationship of seizure variables to personality disorders in epilepsy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1993; 5: 283-286
• 1244 Parisi P, Striano P, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite DGA, Verrotti A, Martelletti P, Pia Villa M, Belcastro V. ‘Ictal epileptic headache’: Recent concepts for new classification criteria. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 723-724
• 1245 Schweder LJ. Wahlund B. Bergsholm P. Linaker OM. Questionnaire study about the practice of electroconvulsive therapy in Norway. J ECT 2011; 27: 296-299
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