Wechselwirkungen zwischen bioaktiven Sekundärmetaboliten und Irinotecan

Zusammenfassung

Irinotecan wird seit mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten in unterschiedlichen Arzneiformen, auch in Kombination mit anderen Arzneistoffen, zur Behandlung einiger Tumorerkrankungen eingesetzt. Irinotecan, ein Prodrug, wird über die Butyrylcholinesterase und über die Carboxylesterasen CES1 und CES2 in die aktive Form SN-38 (7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) verstoffwechselt. SN-38 ist ein starker Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor. Aufgrund des komplexen Metabolisierungsweges von Irinotecan und wegen der engen therapeutischen Breite des Arzneistoffes ist die klinische Relevanz einer Interaktion zwischen bioaktiven Sekundärmetaboliten und Irinotecan von vielen unterschiedlichen Einflussfaktoren abhängig und kann daher nur im Rahmen einer individualmedizinischen Betreuung Bedeutung haben. Sowohl die Butyrylcholinesterase und die Carboxylesterasen CES1, CES2 als auch CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UGT1A-Isoforme und Transportproteine sind an der Verstoffwechselung und Eliminierung von Irinotecan beteiligt und limitieren die Verfügbarkeit des aktiven Metaboliten SN-38. Inhibition oder Induktion dieser Enzyme durch bioaktive Sekundärmetabolite könnten die therapeutische Wirksamkeit des Irinotecan-Metaboliten SN-38 beeinflussen und für die Ausbildung von Nebenwirkungen ursächlich sein. Der folgende Artikel versucht, einige mögliche Interaktionen abzuschätzen und aufzuzeigen.

Abstract

Irinotecan has been used for more than two decades in various pharmaceutical forms, also in combination with other drugs, for the treatment of some tumor diseases. Irinotecan, a prodrug, is metabolised via butyrylcholinesterase and via the carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 into the active form SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin). SN-38 is a strong topoisomerase I inhibitor. Due to the complex metabolic pathway of Irinotecan and because of the narrow therapeutic range of the drug substance, the clinical relevance of an interaction between bioactive secondary metabolites and Irinotecan depends on many different influencing factors and can therefore only be of importance in the context of individual medical care. Butyrylcholinesterase and the carboxylesterases CES1, CES2 as well as CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UGT1A-isoforms and transport proteins are involved in the metabolism and elimination of Irinotecan and limit the availability of the active metabolite SN-38. Inhibition or induction of these enzymes by bioactive secondary metabolites could influence the therapeutic efficacy of the Irinotecan metabolite SN-38 and be causative for the development of side effects. The following article attempts to assess and demonstrate some possible interactions.

Schlüsselwörter

Irinotecan - SN-38 - bioaktive Sekundärmetabolite - Metabolismus

Key words

Irinotecan - SN-38 - interaction - bioactive secondary metabolites - metabolism

Publication History

Article published online:
06 June 2020

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