Abstract
Growing evidence shows the contribution of physical activity interventions to the
gut microbiome. However, specific physical activity characteristics that can modify
the gut microbiome are unknown. This review’s aim was to explore the contribution
of physical activity intervention characteristics on human gut microbiome composition,
in terms of diversity, specific bacterial groups, and associated gut microbiome metabolites.
A literature search in PubMed; Cochrane Library; CINAHL-EBSCO; SCOPUS; Web of Science;
ClinicalTrials.gov; PROSPERO; and ProQuest. Five studies met the inclusion criteria
of a physical activity intervention duration of at least five weeks, with any description
of the type or dose used. All included studies reported an endurance training; two
studies used endurance and an additional muscle-strengthening training regimen. All
studies reported using a dietary intervention control. Reported gut microbiome α-diversity
changes were non-significant, β-diversity changes were mixed (three studies reported
an increase, two reported non-significant changes). All studies reported significant
changes in the abundances of specific bacterial/archaea groups and bacteria-related
metabolites following interventions. In conclusion, physical activity (regardless
of specific characteristics) has significant contribution to gut microbiome composition
and associated metabolites. There are no current recommendations for physical activity
to promote gut microbiome composition. Future studies should focus on the contribution
of current recommended physical activity dose to gut microbiome composition.
Key words
human - exercise - training - intervention - microbiome
