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Pädiatrie up2date 2022; 17(01): 37-54
DOI: 10.1055/a-1194-2365
Neonatologie

Physiologiebasierte Erstversorgung sehr kleiner Frühgeborener

Angela Kribs
,
Ruth Klein
,
Katrin Mehler
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Komplexe physiologische Prozesse bei der Geburt sorgen für die Anpassung der Organsysteme, die bei Frühgeborenen durch die Unreife erschwert sind. Deshalb hat die Erstversorgung einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf das weitere Leben des Kindes. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die Physiologie der perinatalen Transition und die Besonderheiten bei Frühgeborenen zu beschreiben und ein darauf basierendes Konzept für die Erstversorgung darzustellen.
Kernaussagen

  • Die perinatale Transition stellt einen sehr komplexen Vorgang dar, der neben der kardiorespiratorischen Adaptation auch die Transition der Ernährung und des Metabolismus und den Aufbau der dyadisch sozialen Beziehung von Mutter und Kind umfasst.

  • Die Phase der perinatalen Transition stellt beim Frühgeborenen eine vulnerable Phase dar, bei der dauerhafte Schädigungen an verschiedenen Organsystemen gesetzt werden können.

  • Die unmittelbar postnatale Phase stellt eine sensible Phase für die Bahnung des Stillens und den Aufbau der Mutter-Kind-Beziehung dar.

  • Eine physiologiebasierte Erstversorgung des Frühgeborenen muss alle Aspekte der perinatalen Transition im Blick haben.

  • Es ist möglich, die dafür notwendigen Maßnahmen in einen Algorithmus zur kardiorespiratorischen Stabilisierung zu integrieren.

Schlüsselwörter

Erstversorgung - Physiologie - Frühgeborene - intrauterin - extrauterin - Atmung - Kolostrum


Publication History

Article published online:
07 March 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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