Mobilität und Sturzprävention bei selbstständig lebenden älteren Menschen

Mobilität ist ein wesentlicher Faktor im Selbstständigkeitserhalt und im „gesunden“ Altern. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt das Risiko einer Mobilitätseinschränkung. Auch Stürze stellen für den älteren Menschen ein einschneidendes Erlebnis dar und können nicht nur physische Konsequenzen wie Verletzungen haben, sondern auch psychische Konsequenzen wie Sturzangst mit negativen Verhaltensanpassungen bewirken, z. B. sich weniger zu bewegen.

• Literatur

• 1 Adcock M, Sonder F, Schattin A. et al. A usability study of a multicomponent video game-based training for older adults. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2020; 17: 3
• 2 Aranda-Gallardo M, Morales-Asencio JM, Canca-Sanchez JC. et al. Instruments for assessing the risk of falls in acute hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2013; 13: 122
• 3 Ayoubi F, Launay C, Annweiler C. et al. Fear of falling, falls, and gait variability in older community-dwelling individuals: Is there an association?. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61: 1236-1238
• 4 Ayoung-Chee P, McIntyre L, Ebel BE. et al. Long-term outcomes of ground-level falls in the elderly. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76: 498-503 discussion 503
• 5 Becker C, Cameron ID, Klenk J. et al. Reduction of Femoral Fractures in Long-Term Care Facilities: The Bavarian Fracture Prevention Study. PloS One 2011; 6: e24311
• 6 Becker C, Blessing-Kapelke U, Borhof A. et al. Empfehlungspapier für das körperliche Training zur Sturzprävention bei älteren, zu Hause lebenden Menschen. Z Gerontol Geriat 2011; 44: 121-128
• 7 Cesari M, Araujo de Carvalho I, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J. et al. Evidence for the domains supporting the construct of intrinsic capacity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73: 1653-1660
• 8 Chung J, Demiris G, Thompson HJ. Instruments to assess mobility limitation in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. J Aging Phys Act 2015; 23: 298-313
• 9 Close J, Ellis M, Hooper R. et al. Prevention of falls in the elderly trial (PROFET): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 93-97
• 10 Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J. et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 2019; 48: 16-31 doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169
• 11 Davis JC, Best JR, Bryan S. et al. Mobility is a key predictor of change in well-being among older adults who experience falls: evidence from the Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic Cohort. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96: 1634-1640
• 12 Demnitz N, Zsoldos E, Mahmood A. et al. Associations between mobility, cognition, and brain structure in healthy older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9: 155
• 13 Denkinger MD, Lukas A, Nikolaus T. et al. Factors associated with fear of falling and associated activity restriction in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Am J Geriat Psychiat 2015; 23: 72-86
• 14 Destatis. Demografischer Wandel. Im Internet (Stand: 18.10.2019): https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Querschnitt/Demografischer-Wandel/Aeltere-Menschen/bevoelkerung-ab-65-j.html
• 15 Donath L, Faude O, Bridenbaugh SA. et al. Transfer effects of fall training on balance performance and spatiotemporal gait parameters in healthy community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study. J Aging Phys Act 2014; 22: 324-333
• 16 Freiberger E, Sieber C. Mobilität im Alter: Trainingsaspekte bei selbständig lebenden Menschen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2013; 138: 2007-2010
• 17 Gray LC, Peel NM, Costa AP. et al. Profiles of older patients in the emergency department: findings from the interRAI Multinational Emergency Department Study. Ann Emerg Med 2013; 62: 467-474
• 18 Guralnik J, Ferrucci L, Pieper CF. et al. Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55: M221-M231
• 19 Haines TP, Lee DCA, OʼConnell B. et al. Why do hospitalized older adults take risks that may lead to falls?. Health Expect 2015; 18: 233-249
• 20 Harada CN, Natelson Love MC, Triebel KL. Normal cognitive aging. Clin Geriatr Med 2013; 29: 737-752
• 21 Healey F, Scobie S, Oliver D. et al. Falls in English and Welsh hospitals: a national observational study based on retrospective analysis of 12 months of patient safety incident reports. Qual Saf Health Care 2008; 17: 424-430
• 22 Hill AM, Hoffmann T, Haines TP. Circumstances of falls and falls-related injuries in a cohort of older patients following hospital discharge. Clin Intervent Aging 2013; 8: 765-774
• 23 Hill KD, Day L, Haines TP. What factors influence communitydwelling older peopleʼs intent to undertake multifactorial fall prevention programs?. Clin Intervent Aging 2014; 9: 2045-2053
• 24 Hopewell S, Adedire O, Copsey BJ. et al. Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; (07) CD012221
• 25 Hughes CC, Kneebone II, Jones F. et al. A theoretical and empirical review of psychological factors associated with falls-related psychological concerns in community-dwelling older people. Int Psychogeriatr 2015; 27: 1071-1087
• 26 Icks A, Arend W, Becker C. et al. Incidence of hip fractures in Germany, 1995–2010. Arch Osteoporos 2013; 8: 140
• 27 Kwon S, Perera S, Pahor M. et al. What is a meaningful change in physical performance? Findings from a clinical trial in older adults (the LIFE-P study). J Nutr Health Aging 2009; 13: 538-544
• 28 Kyrdalen IL, Moen K, Roysland AS. et al. The Otago exercise program performed as group training versus home training in fall-prone older people: a randomized controlled trial. Physiother Res Int 2014; 19: 108-116 doi:10.1002/pri.1571
• 29 Lamb SE, Jorstad-Stein EC, Hauer K. et al. Development of a Common outcome data set for fall injury prevention trials: the Prevention of Falls Network Europe Consensus. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 1618-1622
• 30 Lindemann U, Schwenk M, Klenk J. et al. Problems of older persons using a wheeled walker. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28: 215-220
• 31 Mackenzie L, McIntyre A. How Do General practitioners (GPs) Engage in falls prevention with older people? A pilot survey of GPs in NHS England suggests a gap in routine practice to address falls prevention. Front Public Health 2019; 7: 32
• 32 Masud T, Morris RO. Epidemiology of falls. Age Ageing 2001; 30 (Suppl. 04) 3-7
• 33 Middleton A, Fritz SL. Assessment of gait, balance, and mobility in older adults: considerations for clinicians. Curr Translat Geriat Exp Gerontol Rep 2013; 2: 205-214
• 34 Middleton A, Fritz SL, Lusardi M. Walking speed: the functional vital sign. J Aging Phys Activity 2015; 23: 314-322
• 35 Miller ME, Magaziner J, Marsh AP. et al. Gait Speed and mobility disability: revisiting meaningful levels in diverse clinical populations. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66: 954-961
• 36 Montero-Odasso M, Almeida QJ, Bherer L. et al. Consensus on shared measures of mobility and cognition: from the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74: 897-909
• 37 Morris R, Lord S, Bunce J. et al. Gait and cognition: Mapping the global and discrete relationships in ageing and neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64: 326-345
• 38 Musich S, Wang SS, Ruiz J. et al. The impact of mobility limitations on health outcomes among older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2018; 39: 162-169 doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.08.002
• 39 Nyman SR, Victor CR. Older peopleʼs participation in and engagement with falls prevention interventions in community settings: an augment to the cochrane systematic review. Age Ageing 2012; 41: 16-23
• 40 Oliver D, Daly F, Martin FC. et al. Risk factors and risk assessment tools for falls in hospital in-patients: a systematic review. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 122-130
• 41 Payette MC, Belanger C, Leveille V. et al. Fall-related psychological concerns and anxiety among community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One 2016; 11: e0152848
• 42 Pflaum M, Lang FR, Freiberger E. Fit mit Rollator. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2016;
• 43 Rantakokko M, Portegijs E, Viljanen A. et al. Life-space mobility and quality of life in community-dwelling older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61: 1830-1832
• 44 Robertson MC, Devlin N, Scuffham P. et al. Economic evaluation of a community based exercise programme to prevent falls. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 600-606
• 45 Rubenstein LZ. Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age Ageing 2006; 35 (Suppl. 02) ii37-ii41
• 46 Sandlund M, Pohl P, Ahlgren C. et al. Gender perspective on older peopleʼs exercise preferences and motivators in the context of falls prevention: a qualitative study. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 6865156
• 47 Schoene D, Heller C, Aung YN. et al. A systematic review on the influence of fear of falling on quality of life in older people: is there a role for falls?. Clin Intervent Aging 2019; 14: 701-719
• 48 Schwendimann R, Buhler H, De Geest S. et al. Characteristics of hospital inpatient falls across clinical departments. Gerontology 2008; 54: 342-348
• 49 Schwenk M, Lauenroth A, Stock C. et al. Definitions and methods of measuring and reporting on injurious falls in randomised controlled fall prevention trials: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012; 12: 50
• 50 Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK. et al. Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; (01) CD012424
• 51 Shumway-Cook A, Ciol MA, Yorkston KM. et al. Mobility Limitations in the Medicare Population: Prevalence and Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 1217-1221
• 52 Siegrist M, Freiberger E, Geilhof B. et al. Fall prevention in a primary care setting. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016; 113: 365-372
• 53 Todd C, Skelton D. What are the main Risk Factors for Falls among older People and what are the most effective Interventions to prevent these Falls?. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2004
• 54 Verghese J, Wang C, Holtzer R. Relationship of clinic-based gait speed measurement to limitations in community-based activities in older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011; 92: 844-846
• 55 Verghese J, Wang C, Lipton RB. et al. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and the risk of dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68: 412-418
• 56 Visser M, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB. et al. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005; 60: 324-333
• 57 Webber SC, Porter MM, Menec VH. Mobility in older adults: a comprehensive framework. Gerontologist 2010; 50: 443-450
• 58 Zijlstra G, van Haastregt JCM, van Eijk JTM. et al. Prevalence and correlates of fear of falling, and associated avoidance of activity in the general population of community-living older people. Age Ageing 2007; 36: 304-309