Food antigen-specific IgE in dogs with suspected food hypersensitivity

Abstract

Objective Knowledge of cross-reactions in food-sensitive dogs will influence the choice of elimination diets and the long-term management of those patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate food allergen-specific IgE tests of suspected allergic dogs for concurrent positive reactions as possible evidence for cross reactions between allergens.

Material and methods Results of serum IgE tests from 760 suspected allergic dogs submitted to 2 laboratories were evaluated statistically. After the tested allergens were grouped by their phylogenetic relationship, odds ratios as well as a sensitivity analysis of the odds ratios were performed to evaluate if concurrent positive IgE results to 2 allergens occurred more often than expected.

Results Within related allergen pairs 27% (laboratory 1) and 72% (laboratory 2) of the pairs could be considered as associated. For the unrelated allergen pairs only 6.8% and 10.6% of the analyzed pairs were considered associated respectively. Strong correlations were shown in the group of ruminant allergens, especially beef and lamb, and grain allergens. High rates of concurrent reactions were also detected in the poultry group, especially between chicken and duck, as well as between pork and ruminant allergens, and soy and grain allergens.

Conclusion As our results showed not only correlations within related but also between non-related allergens, the possible relevance of carbohydrate moieties as well as panallergens for canine hypersensitivities warrants further study. Further investigations are necessary to distinguish co-sensitization from cross-reactions and determine the clinical relevance of food-specific IgE reactivity.

Clinical relevance Due to possible cross reactivity related allergens, especially beef and lamb as well as grain allergens, should not be used for an elimination diet to avoid false results.

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel Für die richtige Wahl einer Eliminationsdiät und somit der Langzeittherapie von Hunden mit Futtermittelallergie ist es notwendig, mehr über den Einfluss von Kreuzreaktionen bei Hunden mit Futtermittelallergie zu wissen. Ziel der Studie war, Futtermittelallergen-spezifisches IgE von vermutlich allergischen Hunden auf gleichzeitig auftretende positive Reaktionen als möglichen Hinweis für Kreuzreaktionen zwischen diesen Allergenen zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden Ergebnisse von Serum-IgE-Tests von 760 vermutlich allergischen Hunden, die 2 Labore zur Verfügung stellten, wurden statistisch evaluiert. Nach Gruppierung der Allergene hinsichtlich ihrer phylogenetischen Verwandtschaft wurden die Odds Ratios ermittelt sowie eine Sensitivitätsanalyse der Odds Ratios durchgeführt, um zu ermitteln, ob gleichzeitige positive Reaktionen auf 2 Allergene häufiger als erwartet vorkommen.

Ergebnisse Ein gleichzeitiges Auftreten positiver Reaktionen konnte zwischen 27% (Labor 1) und 72% (Labor 2) der verwandten Allergenpaare festgestellt werden. Bei den nicht verwandten Allergenpaaren ergaben nur 6,8% und 10,6% gleichzeitig eine positive Reaktion. Starke Zusammenhänge ließen sich vor allem zwischen Rind und Lamm und innerhalb der Getreidegruppe nachweisen. Häufige gleichzeitig positive Rektionen zeigten sich zudem innerhalb der Geflügelgruppe (v. a. zwischen Huhn und Ente), zwischen Allergenen von Schwein und Wiederkäuern sowie zwischen Soja und Getreideallergenen.

Schlussfolgerung Da nicht nur zwischen verwandten, sondern auch zwischen nicht verwandten Allergenpaaren Zusammenhänge nachweisbar waren, stellt die mögliche Relevanz von Panallergenen und Kohlenhydratresten bei der Nahrungsmittelallergie des Hundes eine weitere interessante Fragestellung dar. Mit unserer Studie ließen sich zwar Zusammenhänge zwischen Allergenpaaren feststellen, doch ist keine Unterscheidung zwischen einer Kreuzreaktion und einer Kosensibilisierung möglich. Hierfür und für die Bestimmung der klinischen Relevanz von futtermittelspezifischen IgE-Reaktionen sind weitere Untersuchungen notwendig.

Klinische Relevanz Aufgrund möglicher Kreuzreaktionen sollten verwandte Allergene, vor allem Rind- und Lammfleisch sowie Getreideallergene, bei einer Eliminationsdiät nicht verwendet werden, um falsche Ergebnisse zu vermeiden.

Key words

Food allergy - food hypersensitivity - cross-reactions - co-sensibilization - dermatology

Schlüsselwörter

Futtermittelallergie - Futtermittelüberempfindlichkeit - Kreuzreaktionen - Kosensibilisierung - Dermatologie

Publication History

Received: 26 April 2020

Accepted: 11 August 2020

Article published online:
04 December 2020

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