Ultraschall Med 2022; 43(06): e112-e117
DOI: 10.1055/a-1283-6051
Original Article

Congenital Aortic Vascular Ring: In-Utero Sonographic Assessment of Tracheal Patency and Postnatal Outcome

Kongenitaler Aorten-Gefäßring: Sonografische Beurteilung der Trachea-Durchgängigkeit in utero und postnataler Outcome
Reuven Ryszard Achiron
1   Obstetrics, Sheba med, Tel Aviv, Israel
,
Eran Kassif
2   Prenatal Diagnostic Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
,
Yinon Gilboa
3   Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
,
Yishay Salem
4   Children Hospital Center Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
,
Yizhak Jakobson
5   Pediatric Radiology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
,
Lisa Raviv-Zilka
6   Pediatric Radiology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
,
Zvi Kivilevitch
7   Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Objective Congenital aortic vascular ring may present after birth with variable degrees of respiratory distress due to tracheal compression. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate in utero tracheal patency in correlation with postnatal outcome.

Methods During an eight-year period, fetuses with aortic arch abnormality encircling the trachea and forming a complete ring were recruited for the study. Tracheal patency was classified as: no compression, partial compression, or complete compression. Postnatal MRI/CTangio studies were performed and outcome data was retrospectively analyzed from the medical records.

Results Among the 46 fetuses recruited to the study, 38 had right aortic arch (RAA), and 8 presented with double aortic arch (DAA). In the RAA group 35 (92.1 %) of the fetuses presented no compression and 34 (97.1 %) of them were asymptomatic in the long-term follow-up. Three fetuses (7.9 %) in this group presented in utero compression: one was terminated at 16 weeks of gestation due to associated ominous findings, and the other two had mild respiratory symptoms around 12 months of age and underwent surgery with a good outcome. In the DAA group, all fetuses presented in utero with tracheal compression. Seven showed partial and one complete compression. Among the seven with partial compression, six were symptomatic and underwent surgery. The case with severe airway occlusion had emergency tube insertion in the delivery room and underwent surgery at 7 days but died from severe respiratory complications.

Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate in utero tracheal patency in cases with vascular ring. It allows better prenatal and postnatal workup and follow-up including potentially life-threatening respiratory failure.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Nach der Geburt kann ein kongenitaler Aorten-Gefäßring mit unterschiedlich starker Atemnot aufgrund einer Trachealkompression auftreten. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die prospektive Bewertung der Durchgängigkeit der Trachea in utero in Korrelation mit dem postnatalen Outcome.

Material und Methoden Über einen Zeitraum von 8 Jahren wurden Föten mit einer Anomalie des Aortenbogens, der die Trachea umschloss und einen vollständigen Ring bildete, für die Studie rekrutiert. Die tracheale Durchgängigkeit wurde wie folgt klassifiziert: keine Kompression, partielle Kompression oder vollständige Kompression. Postnatale MRT-/CT-Angio-Studien wurden durchgeführt und Daten zum Outcome wurden aus den medizinischen Unterlagen retrospektiv analysiert.

Ergebnisse Von den 46 für die Studie rekrutierten Föten hatten 38 einen rechten Aortenbogen (RAA) und 8 einen doppelten Aortenbogen (DAA). In der RAA-Gruppe zeigten 35 (92,1 %) Föten keine Kompression und 34 (97,1 %) dieser Föten waren im Langzeit-Follow-up asymptomatisch. Drei Föten (7,9 %) in dieser Gruppe zeigten eine Kompression in utero: eine Schwangerschaft wurde in SSW 16 aufgrund assoziierter verdächtiger Befunde beendet, die anderen beiden Kinder hatten im Alter von etwa 12 Monaten leichte respiratorische Symptome und wurden mit gutem Ergebnis operiert. In der DAA-Gruppe zeigten alle Föten eine intrauterine Trachealkompression. Sieben zeigten eine partielle und 1 Fetus eine vollständige Kompression. Von den 7 Kindern mit partieller Kompression waren 6 symptomatisch und wurden operiert. Im Fall des schweren Atemwegsverschlusses wurde das Kind im Kreißsaal notfallmäßig intubiert und nach 7 Tagen operiert, verstarb jedoch an schweren respiratorischen Komplikationen.

Schlussfolgerung Dies ist die erste Studie, die die Durchgängigkeit der Trachea in utero bei Föten mit Gefäßring untersucht. Sie ermöglicht eine bessere prä- und postnatale Versorgung und Nachbetreuung einschließlich eines potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Atemversagens.



Publication History

Received: 04 December 2019

Accepted: 04 September 2020

Article published online:
22 October 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 Gross RE. Arterial malformations which cause compression of the trachea and esophagus. Circulation 1955; 11: 124-134
  • 2 Backer CL, Ilbawi MN, Idriss FS. et al. Vascular anomalies causing tracheoesophageal compression. Review of experience in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989; 97: 725-731
  • 3 Turner A, Gavel G, Coutts J. Vascular rings-presentation, investigation and outcome. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164: 266-270
  • 4 Cannioto Z, Ngalikpima CJ, Dall’Amico R. A newborn with double aortic arch. J Pediatr 2013; 163: 917
  • 5 Shum DJ, Clifton MS, Coakley FV. et al. Prenatal tracheal obstruction due to double aortic arch: a potential mimic of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome. Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188: 82-85
  • 6 Lee M, Kumar TKS, Paudel G. Double aortic arch presenting as neonatal respiratory failure in the delivery room. Cardiol Young 2018; 28: 476-478
  • 7 Özer EA, Cumurcu S, Bayol Ü. et al. Congenital Complete Tracheal Ring in a Neonate: A Case Report. Turk Patoloji Derg 2017; 33: 259-261
  • 8 Lee M, Kumar TKS, Paudel G. Double aortic arch presenting as neonatal respiratory failure in the delivery room. Cardiol Young 2018; 28: 476-478
  • 9 Licari A, Manca E, Rispoli GA. et al. Congenital vascular rings: a clinical challenge for the pediatrician. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50: 511-524
  • 10 Javia L, Harris MA, Fuller S. Rings, slings, and other tracheal disorders in the neonate. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 4: 277-284
  • 11 Achiron R, Rotstein Z, Heggesh J. et al. Anomalies of the fetal aortic arch: a novel sonographic approach to in-utero diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 553-557
  • 12 Yagel S, Arbel R, Anteby EY. et al. The three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in fetal cardiac scanning. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 340-345
  • 13 Bravo C, Gámez F, Pérez R. et al. Fetal Aortic Arch Anomalies: Key Sonographic Views for Their Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Implications Using the Cardiovascular System Sonographic Evaluation Protocol. J Ultrasound Med 2016; 35: 237-251
  • 14 Trobo D, Bravo C, Alvarez T. et al. Prenatal Sonographic Features of a Double Aortic Arch: Literature Review and Perinatal Management. J Ultrasound Med 2015; 34: 1921-1927
  • 15 Yagel S, Cohen SM, Achiron R. Examination of the fetal heart by five short-axis views: a proposed screening method for comprehensive cardiac evaluation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 367-369
  • 16 Gindes L, Hegesh J, Weisz B. et al. Three and four dimensional ultrasound: a novel method for evaluating fetal cardiac anomalies. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29: 645-653
  • 17 Weissmann-Brenner A, Zajicek M, Weisz B. et al. Feasibility of detection of the 3-vessel and trachea view using 3-dimensional sonographic volumes. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33: 681-685
  • 18 Backer CL, Mavroudis C. Congenital heart surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: vascular rings, tracheal stenosis, pectus exacvatum. Ann Thorac Sug 2000; 69 (Suppl. 04) S308-S318
  • 19 D’Antonio F, Khalil A, Zidere V. et al. Fetuses with right aortic arch: a multicenter cohort study and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 423-432
  • 20 Razon Y, Berant M, Fogelman R. et al. Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of right aortic arch without significant intracardiac anomaly. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014; 27: 1352-1358
  • 21 Vigneswaran TV, Kapravelou E, Bell AJ. et al. Correlation of Symptoms with Bronchoscopic Findings in Children with a Prenatal Diagnosis of a Right Aortic Arch and Left Arterial Duct. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39: 665-673