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Rofo 2021; 193(03): 262-275
DOI: 10.1055/a-1288-1209
Review

Chondrogene Knochentumoren: Bildgebung als Wegweiser?

Article in several languages: English | deutsch
Hannes Engel
1   Department of Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Georg W. Herget
2   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Hannah Füllgraf
3   Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Reto Sutter
4   Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
,
Matthias Benndorf
1   Department of Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Fabian Bamberg
1   Department of Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Pia M. Jungmann 
1   Department of Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
› Author AffiliationsSupported by: Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Advanced Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (Grant to P.M.J.)
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Chondrogene Tumoren sind die häufigsten primären Knochentumoren. Maligne chondrogene Tumoren repräsentieren etwa ein Viertel der malignen Knochentumoren. Benigne chondrogene Knochentumoren sind häufige radiologische Zufallsbefunde. Radiologische Parameter können hilfreich sein zur Identifikation, Charakterisierung und Differenzialdiagnostik.

Methode Systematische Literaturrecherche mittels PubMed. Identifikation und kritische Beurteilung von Studien, welche die Bildgebung chondrogener Knochentumoren analysieren oder beschreiben.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Nach der World-Health-Organization (WHO)-Klassifikation von 2020 werden benigne, intermediäre (lokal aggressiv oder selten metastasierend) und maligne chondrogene Tumoren unterschieden. Das typische radiologische Bild chondrogen differenzierter Tumoren ist gekennzeichnet durch ein lobuliertes Wachstumsmuster mit einem hohen Signal in T2-gewichteten Sequenzen in der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) und durch ein meist ring- und bogenförmiges Verkalkungsmuster in der Projektionsradiografie und der Computertomografie (CT). In Abhängigkeit der Entität ist dieses typische Muster unterschiedlich ausgeprägt. Während hochmaligne Tumoren häufig ein eindeutig malignes Wachstumsmuster zeigen, ist die Differenzierung zwischen benignen und intermediären chondrogenen Tumoren auch interdisziplinär schwierig.

Kernaussagen: 

  • Die WHO unterscheidet gutartige, intermediäre und bösartige chondrogene Knochentumoren.

  • Häufige gutartige Tumoren: Osteochondrom und Enchondrom; häufiger bösartiger Tumor: konventionelles Chondrosarkom.

  • Differenzierung Enchondrom versus Low-grade-Chondrosarkom ist für Radiologen und Pathologen gleichermaßen schwierig.

  • Schmerzen, tiefes Scalloping, Kortikalisdestruktion, Knochenexpansion und Weichteilanteil sprechen für ein Chondrosarkom (versus Enchondrom).

  • Transformationshinweise beim Osteochondrom: Größenprogredienz nach Wachstumsabschluss, Knorpelkappendicke > 2 cm (Erwachsene) bzw. > 3 cm (Kinder).

  • Neuere, potenziell hilfreiche Bildgebungsmethoden: dynamisches MRT, Texturanalysen und FDG-PET/CT.

Zitierweise

  • Engel H, Herget GW, Füllgraf H et al. Chondrogenic Bone Tumors: The Importance of Imaging Characteristics. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 262 – 275

Key words

cartilage - neoplasms - chondroma - osteochondroma - chondrosarcoma - diagnostic imaging


Publication History

Received: 14 May 2020

Accepted: 09 September 2020

Article published online:
05 November 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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