Gicht: aktuelle Epidemiologie, Komorbiditäten, Komplikationen und sozioökonomische Konsequenzen

Zusammenfassung

Die Gicht gehört neben der rheumatoiden Arthritis zu den häufigsten Ursachen von Gelenkentzündungen. Als metabolisch bedingte Erkrankung geht sie meist mit Hyperurikämie und der Ablagerung von Uratkristallen in Gelenken, Sehnen und Weichteilgeweben einher, wodurch Entzündungszustände ausgelöst werden können. Die Gichtarthritis tritt weltweit insbesondere in den Industrieländern mit steigender Prävalenz auf (weltweit 0,6%), wobei die größte Häufigkeit bei den Maoris in Ozeanien (bis zu 10%) gemessen wurde. In Deutschland tritt die Gicht altersabhängig mit einer Prävalenz von 1,63% auf, wobei Männer ungefähr dreimal so häufig wie Frauen betroffen sind. Kardiovaskuläre und vor allem renale Komorbiditäten können zu vermehrten Komplikationen und einer erhöhten Sterblichkeit von Patienten mit Gicht führen. Grundsätzlich haben Gichtpatienten eine erhöhte Mortalität im Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung. Die zunehmende Inzidenz führt zu steigenden Gesundheitskosten, besonders durch vermehrte Hospitalisierungen. Darüber hinaus wurden bei Gichtpatienten mehr Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage sowie reduzierte Erwerbsfähigkeit mit entsprechenden volkswirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen nachgewiesen.

Abstract

Along with rheumatoid arthritis, gout is the most common cause of arthritis. Being a metabolic disease, it is usually associated with hyperuricemia and the deposition of urate crystals in joints, tendons and soft tissues, which can trigger inflammatory conditions. Gouty arthritis occurs worldwide with increasing prevalence (0.6% worldwide), especially in industrialised countries, with the greatest incidence being measured among the Maoris in Oceania (up to 10%). In Germany, gout occurs with a prevalence of 1.63%, depending on age, with men being affected about 3 times as often as women. Cardiovascular and, in particular, renal comorbidities can lead to increased complications and increased mortality in patients with gout. Basically, gout patients have an increased mortality compared with the general population. The increasing incidence leads to rising health costs, especially through increased hospitalisations. In addition, more days of incapacity for work and reduced earning capacity with the corresponding economic consequences were demonstrated in gout patients.

Schlüsselwörter

Gicht - Epidemiologie - sozioökonomisch - Komorbiditäten - Komplikationen

Key words

gout - epidemiology - socioeconomic - comorbidities - complications

Publication History

Article published online:
15 December 2020

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