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Rofo 2021; 193(10): 1171-1182
DOI: 10.1055/a-1401-0215
Review

Imaging of Bone Sarcomas and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas

Bildgebung von Knochen- und Weichteilsarkomen
Jasminka Igrec 
  Division of General Radiological Diagnostics, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
,
Michael H. Fuchsjäger
  Division of General Radiological Diagnostics, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Erratum zu diesem Artikel:

Imaging of Bone Sarcomas and Soft-Tissue SarcomasRofo 2021; 193(10): e5-e5
DOI: 10.1055/a-1700-9642

Abstract

Background In the diagnosis of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, the continuous advancement of various imaging modalities has improved the detection of small lesions, surgical planning, assessment of chemotherapeutic effects, and, importantly, guidance for surgery or biopsy.

Method This review was composed based on a PubMed literature search for the terms “bone sarcoma,” “bone cancer” and “soft tissue sarcoma,” “imaging,” “magnetic resonance imaging”, “computed tomography”, “ultrasound”, “radiography”, and “radiomics” covering the publication period 2005–2020.

Results and Conclusion As discussed in this review, radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI all play key roles in the imaging evaluation of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. In daily practice, advanced MRI techniques complement standard MRI but remain underused, as they are considered time-consuming, technically challenging, and not reliable enough to replace biopsy and histology. PET/MRI and radiomics have shown promise regarding the imaging of sarcomas in the future.

Key Points: 

  • Radiographs remain crucial in diagnostic imaging algorithms for sarcomas.

  • US is an initial imaging study for the evaluation of superficial soft-tissue tumors.

  • The role of CT continues to evolve as new techniques emerge.

  • MRI allows the noninvasive evaluation of soft-tissue, osseous, and articular structures.

  • Machine learning methods could improve personalized selection of therapy for patients with sarcoma.

Citation Format

  • Igrec J, Fuchsjäger MH. Imaging of Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1171 – 1182

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Bei der Diagnose von Knochen- und Weichteilsarkomen hat die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung verschiedener bildgebender Verfahren die Erkennung kleiner Läsionen, die chirurgische Planung, die Beurteilung chemotherapeutischer Effekte und, was wichtig ist, die Anleitung für die Operation oder Biopsie verbessert.

Methode Diese Übersicht wurde auf der Grundlage einer PubMed-Literaturrecherche nach den Begriffen „Knochensarkom“, „Knochenkrebs“ und „Weichteilsarkom“, „Bildgebung“, „Magnetresonanztomografie“, „Computertomografie“, „Ultraschall“, „Radiografie“ und „Radiomics“ für den Publikationszeitraum 2005–2020 verfasst.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Wie in dieser Übersicht diskutiert, spielen Radiografie, Ultraschall, CT und MRI eine Schlüsselrolle bei der bildgebenden Beurteilung von Knochen- und Weichteilsarkomen. In der täglichen Praxis ergänzen fortgeschrittene MRT-Techniken die Standard-MRT, werden aber nach wie vor zu wenig genutzt, da sie als zeitaufwändig, technisch anspruchsvoll und nicht zuverlässig genug angesehen werden, um Biopsie und Histologie zu ersetzen. PET/MRI und Radiomics haben sich als vielversprechend erwiesen, um in Zukunft zur Bildgebung von Sarkomen beizutragen.

Kernaussagen: 

  • Röntgenbilder sind bei diagnostischen Bildgebungsalgorithmen für Sarkome nach wie vor von entscheidender Bedeutung.

  • US ist eine erste bildgebende Studie zur Beurteilung von oberflächlichen Weichteiltumoren.

  • Die Rolle der CT entwickelt sich mit dem Entstehen neuer Techniken ständig weiter.

  • Die MRT ermöglicht die nichtinvasive Beurteilung von Weichteil-, Knochen- und Gelenkstrukturen.

  • Maschinelle Lernmethoden könnten die personalisierte Auswahl der Therapie für Patienten mit Sarkom verbessern.

Key words

bone sarcoma - soft tissue sarcoma - MR-imaging - ultrasound computed tomography (US/CT) - radiomics - radiography


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 12. September 2020

Angenommen: 09. Februar 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
26. März 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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