Prophylaxe der kaninen Parvovirose

Zusammenfassung

Die Impfung ist die wichtigste Maßnahme zum Schutz vor kaniner Parvovirose. Daher zählt die Impfung gegen das kanine Parvovirus (CPV) zu den Core-Komponenten der Hundeimpfung. Modifizierte Lebendvakzinen (MLV) haben sich als sehr wirksam und zugleich sicher erwiesen. Sie bieten einen zuverlässigen Schutz, der bereits nach wenigen Tagen eintritt und viele Jahre anhält. MLV enthalten keine Adjuvanzien; sie sind hinsichtlich ihres allergenen und toxischen Potenzials Impfstoffen mit inaktiviertem CPV in aller Regel überlegen. Aus diesen Gründen werden MLV Impfstoffen aus inaktivierten Viren vorgezogen. In Deutschland und in den meisten anderen Ländern Europas sind heute ausschließlich MLV auf dem Markt verfügbar. Sie enthalten attenuiertes CPV-2 oder (seltener) CPV-2b und bieten einen kreuzprotektiven Schutz gegen die für den Hund im Feld relevanten Varianten CPV-2a, -2b, -2c. Wiederholungsimpfungen bei adulten Hunden mit MLV sollten frühestens alle 3 Jahre oder in längeren Intervallen (nach Bedarf bei fehlenden Antikörpern) durchgeführt werden. Dies gilt selbst dann, wenn der verwendete Impfstoff nur für eine 1- oder 2-Jahres-Intervall zugelassen ist. MLV-Produkte werden zur Impfung gesunder Hunde ab der 4. bis 6. Lebenswoche empfohlen. Ein Nachteil von MLV besteht in einer potenziellen Interferenz mit der Parvovirosediagnostik.

Abstract

Vaccination is still the most effective measure to prevent canine parvovirosis. Therefore, vaccines against canine parvovirus (CPV) infection are considered core vaccines. Modified life vaccines (MLV) have been proven to be very effective and safe, since they are characterized by early onset (within a few days after vaccination) and long duration of immunity (several years). MLV do not contain adjuvants; they are also advantageous in terms of possessing less allergenic and toxic properties. Therefore, MLV are widely used as first line vaccines. In Germany and in most other European countries, only MLV are available on the market. MLV contain CPV-2 or (less often) CPV-2b and offer cross-protection against the variants CPV-2a, -2b, -2c that are relevant for dogs in the field. Revaccination with MLV should be performed in 3-year-intervals or longer intervals (only in case of lacking antibodies) even if the licensed MLV is registered for re-vaccination intervals of 1 or 2 years. MLV should only be administered to healthy dogs older than 4 to 6 weeks of age. A possible disadvantage of MLV is its interference with the diagnosis of a CPV infection.

Schlüsselwörter

CPV - Hund - Schutz - Immunität - Impfung - Vakzine - MLV

Key words

CPV - dog - protection - immunity - vaccination - vaccine - MLV

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 01. Juli 2020

Angenommen: 03. November 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
26. April 2021

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