Die mit einem multiplen Myelom assoziierte Immunoglobulin-Leichtketten (AL)-Amyloidose ist unter den systemischen Amyloidosen die häufigste Form, als Entität selbst jedoch relativ selten. Die durch den monoklonalen Plasmazellklon sezernierten instabilen Leichtketten führen als Amyloidablagerungen im Gewebe zu manifesten Organschäden, v. a. die renalen und kardialen Organmanifestationen führen häufig zu einer sehr schlechten Prognose. Besonders kutane Manifestationen wie beidseitige periorbitale Ödeme, Ekchymosen und eine Makroglossie können als pathognomonisch für die systemische AL-Amyloidose betrachtet werden und sollten zu einer raschen Abklärung führen. Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit einer kutanen Manifestation einer AL-Amyloidose mit assoziiertem „smouldering Myelom“.
Abstract
Systemic immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma is rather common because they both have the same cell of origin. A monoclonal plasma cell clone produces unstable light chains which form amyloid fibrils. These fibrils are then spread through the bloodstream and deposited in the tissue of multiple organs and the skin. Especially renal and cardiac manifestations lead to a very poor outcome for the patients because of the related tissue damage. Focussing on cutaneous manifestations, there are some symptoms like bilateral periorbital haematoma (also known as “raccoon eyes”), ecchymoses and makroglossia, that can be seen as pathognomonic for a systemic AL amyloidosis. Because early diagnosis is essential for the prognosis of the affected patients these signs should lead to a fast diagnostic work-up and treatment. We present a case of a patient with cutaneous manifestations of a systemic AL Amyloidosis associated with a lambda-light-chain smouldering myeloma.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
Literatur
1
Palladini G,
Dispenzieri A,
Gertz MA.
et al. New criteria for response to treatment in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis based on free light chain measurement and cardiac biomarkers: Impact on survival outcomes. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 4541-4549
4
Matsuda M,
Gono T,
Morita H.
et al. Peripheral nerve involvement in primary systemic AL amyloidosis: A clinical and electrophysiological study. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 604-610
5
Siragusa S,
Morice W,
Gertz MA.
et al. Asymptomatic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) at the time of diagnostic bone marrow biopsy in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma and smoldering myeloma. A series of 144 cases and a review of the literature. Ann Hematol 2011; 90: 101-106
6
Desikan KR,
Dhodapkar MV,
Hough A.
et al. Incidence and impact of light chain associated (AL) amyloidosis on the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma treated with autologous transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma 1997; 27: 315-319
11
Rubinow A,
Cohen AS.
Skin involvement in generalized amyloidosis. A study of clinically involved and uninvolved skin in 50 patients with primary and secondary amyloidosis. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88: 781-785
13
Colucci G,
Alberio L,
Demarmels Biasiutti F.
et al. Bilateral periorbital ecchymoses: An often missed sign of amyloid purpura. Hamostaseologie 2014; 34: 249-252
14
Vela-Ojeda J,
García-Ruiz Esparza MA,
Padilla-González Y.
et al. Multiple myeloma-associated amyloidosis is an independent high-risk prognostic factor. Ann Hematol 2009; 88: 59-66