Ultraschall Med 2023; 44(02): e108-e117
DOI: 10.1055/a-1493-2367
Original Article

Perinatal Outcome and its Prediction Using Longitudinal Feto-Maternal Doppler Follow-Up in Late Onset Small for Gestational Age Fetuses – A Prospective Cohort Study

Das perinatale Outcome und dessen Prädiktion unter Verwendung von longitudinalen fetomaternalen Dopplermessungen bei Föten mit später Wachstumsrestriktion – eine prospektive Studie
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
,
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
,
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
,
Bernhard Haller
2   University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMedIS), Munich, Germany
,
Christina Ried
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
,
Nadia Wildner
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
,
Kathrin Abel
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
,
Bettina Kuschel
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
,
Eshter Rieger-Fackeldey
3   Department Neonatology, Technical University of Munich Hospital rechts der Isar, München, Germany
,
Renate Oberhoffer
4   Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre Munich, München, Germany
5   Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
,
Annette Wacker-Gussmann
4   Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre Munich, München, Germany
5   Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Supported by: Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung 2016_A04

Abstract

Purpose To describe the perinatal outcome of a prospective cohort of late-onset small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses and to test adverse perinatal outcome (APO) prediction using Doppler measurements.

Methods Singleton pregnancies from 32 weeks with suspicion of SGA (followed-up each 2 weeks) and randomly selected healthy controls at a university hospital were included. The whole SGA group was divided into the FGR subgroup or SGA percentile 3–10 subgroup. The following Doppler measurements were evaluated prospectively: umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI), middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, cerebro-placental ratio (CPR), and mean uterine artery (mUtA) PI. APO was defined as arterial cord blood pH ≤ 7.15 and/or 5-minute Apgar ≤ 7 and/or emergency operative delivery and/or admission to the neonatal unit. Induction of labor was indicated according to a stage-based protocol.

Results A total of 149 SGA and 143 control fetuses were included. The number of operative deliveries was similar between both groups (control: 29 %, SGA: 28 %), especially the cesarean delivery rate after the onset of labor (11 % vs. 10 %). Most SGA cases ended up in induction of labor (61 % vs. 31 %, p < 0.001). The areas under the curve (AUC) for APO prediction were similar using the last UA PI, MCA PI, CPR, and mUtA PI and barely reached 0.60. The AUC was best for the FGR subgroup, using the minimal CPR or maximum mUtA PI z-score of all longitudinal measurements (AUC = 0.63).

Conclusion SGA fetuses do not have a higher rate of operative delivery if managed according to a risk stratification protocol. Prediction of APO is best for SGA and FGR using the “worst” CPR or mUtA PI but it remains moderate.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Beschreibung des perinatalen Outcomes einer prospektiven Kohorte von „small for gestational age“ (SGA)-Feten sowie Vorhersage eines schlechten perinatalen Outcomes (APO) mittels longitudinaler Dopplermessungen.

Material und Methode Eingeschlossen wurden Einlingsschwangerschaften ab 32 + 0 Schwangerschaftswochen mit Verdacht auf SGA (Untersuchungen alle 2 Wochen) und gesunde Kontrollen. Die folgenden Dopplermessungen wurden ermittelt: Pulsatilitätsindex (PI) der Nabelschnurarterie (UA), PI der mittleren Zerebralarterie (MCA-PI), die zerebroplazentare Ratio (CPR) und mittlerer PI der Uterinarterien (mUtA-PI). APO wurde definiert als arterieller Nabelschnurblut-pH-Wert ≤ 7,15 und/oder 5-Minuten-Apgar ≤ 7 und/oder operative Notfall-Entbindung und/oder Aufnahme auf die Neugeborenenstation. Eine Geburtseinleitung bei SGA wurde nach Protokoll indiziert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 149 SGA- und 143 Kontrollfeten eingeschlossen. Die Anzahl der operativen Entbindungen war in beiden Gruppen ähnlich, insbesondere die sekundäre Sectiorate (11 % vs. 10 %). Bei den meisten SGA-Fällen wurde die Geburt eingeleitet (61 % vs. 31 %; p < 0,001). Die Fläche unter der Kurve (AUC) für die APO-Vorhersage war unter Verwendung des letzten UA, MCA-PI, CPR und mUtA PI ähnlich und erreichte kaum 0,60; am besten war sie für die FGR-Subgruppe unter Verwendung der minimalen CPR oder des maximalen mUtA-PI (AUC = 0,63).

Schlussfolgerung SGA-Feten haben keine erhöhte operative Entbindungsrate, wenn sie nach einem Risikostratifizierungsprotokoll überwacht und entbunden werden. Die Vorhersage des APO ist am besten mit der „schlechtesten“ CPR oder mUtA-PI, aber sie ist insgesamt moderat.



Publication History

Received: 09 January 2021

Accepted: 19 April 2021

Article published online:
08 June 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
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