Aspekte einer Beckenbodenprotektion bei der Spontangeburt – eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung

Die Notwendigkeit, sich zunehmend mit Aspekten der Beckenbodenprotektion, d. h. also der Prävention der häufigsten Erkrankungen des weiblichen Beckenbodens, wie der Harninkontinenz, der Stuhlinkontinenz und dem Descensus genitalis, auseinanderzusetzen, resultiert aus einem immer besser werdenden Verständnis der Zusammenhänge von Schwangerschaft und Geburt auf diese Erkrankungsprävalenzen. Rund ein Viertel aller Frauen erleben in ihrem Leben ein oder mehrere derartige Symptome. Hierbei spielen neben Alter und Gewicht auch Schwangerschaften und Geburten eine wichtige Rolle. Während zu den Anfängen dieser Diskussion um eine Beckenbodenprotektion oft sehr schnell auf den Geburtsmodus und hier die elektive Sectio als möglicher protektiver Intervention fokussiert wurde, hat sich über die letzten Dekaden gezeigt, wie vielschichtig und breit verteilt die Optionen sind, die zum Schutz vor Erkrankungen des Beckenbodens eingesetzt werden können. Der Geburtsmodus als solcher ist hierbei „nur“ ein Baustein zahlreicher anderer Überlegungen und ist in seiner Wichtigkeit deutlich nach hinten gerückt. Eine wichtige Entwicklung hierbei stellt zweifelsohne die Interprofessionalität und Interdisziplinarität dar, denn resultierende Empfehlungen müssen immer in einen Gesamtkontext, der gleichsam Mutter und Kind berücksichtigt, eingebaut werden. Den Beckenboden isoliert zu betrachten, ist hierbei sicherlich nicht sinnvoll. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit soll wesentliche prä-, intra- und postpartale Aspekte näher beleuchten, die in ihrer Gesamtheit Einblick in die unterschiedlichen Aspekte einer Beckenbodenprotektion liefern können. Die Autor*innen verstehen die folgenden Seiten als ergänzende Diskussionsgrundlage, um die Inzidenzen und Prävalenzen von Erkrankungen des weiblichen Beckenbodens nachhaltig zu senken.

Schlüsselwörter

vaginale Geburt - Beckenbodenprotektion - Beckenbodenrehabilitation - Harninkontinenz - Descensus genitalis - Stuhlinkontinenz - Schwangerschaft

Publication History

Received: 29 January 2021

Accepted after revision: 17 May 2021

Article published online:
05 April 2022

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