Effects of respiratory muscle training in soccer players: a systematic review with a meta-analysis

Abstract

Respiratory muscle training can improve strength and reduce respiratory muscle fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Little is known about the existing evidence in soccer players. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was performed to analyse the existing evidence on the effects of respiratory muscle training in soccer players. Two independent researchers reviewed 17 databases until July 2019. Inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials (randomised or not), soccer players (professional or recreational), females and/or males, and respiratory muscle training compared with simulated or regular training groups. The methodological quality and quality of evidence were evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration Tool and GRADE score, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the integral meta-analysis 3.3.070. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis was performed for eight variables related to respiratory muscle function, lung function and sports performance. Respiratory muscle training provided a significant improvement compared with simulated or regular training in maximal inspiratory buccal pressure (6 studies, SDM = 0.89; 95 % CI = 0.42, 1.35) and maximum consumption of oxygen (3 studies, SDM = 0.92; 95 % CI = 0.24; 1.61). No significant improvements were observed for other variables. The quality of the evidence was rated as low or very low.

Zusammenfassung

Atemmuskeltraining kann die Kraft verbessern und die Ermüdung der Atemmuskulatur während eines Trainings mit hoher Intensität verringern. Über die vorhandenen Beweise bei Fußballspielern ist wenig bekannt. Eine systematische Überprüfung mit Metaanalyse wurde durchgeführt, um die vorhandenen Beweise für die Auswirkungen des Atemmuskeltrainings bei Fußballspielern zu analysieren. Zwei unabhängige Forscher überprüften bis Juli 2019 17 Datenbanken. Die Einschlusskriterien waren kontrollierte klinische Studien (randomisiert oder nicht), Fußballspieler (beruflich oder Freizeit), Frauen und/oder Männer, Atemmuskeltraining im Vergleich zu simulierten oder regulären Trainingsgruppen. Die methodische Qualität und die Qualität der Evidenz wurden mit dem Cochrane Collaboration Tool bzw. dem GRADE-Score bewertet. Die statistische Analyse wurde mit der integralen Metaanalyse 3.3.070 durchgeführt. Neun Studien erfüllten die Zulassungskriterien. Die Metaanalyse wurde für 8 Variablen durchgeführt, die sich auf die Atemmuskelfunktion, die Lungenfunktion und die sportliche Leistung beziehen. Das Atemmuskeltraining führte zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung im Vergleich zum simulierten oder regelmäßigen Training des maximalen inspiratorischen bukkalen Drucks (6 Studien, SDM = 0,89; 95 %-KI 0,42–1,35) und des maximalen Sauerstoffverbrauchs (3 Studien, SDM = 0,92; 95 %-KI 0,24–1,61). Für andere Variablen wurden keine signifikanten Verbesserungen beobachtet. Die Qualität der Beweise wurde als niedrig oder sehr niedrig bewertet. Die Ergebnisse dieser systematischen Überprüfung zeigen, dass das Atemmuskeltraining einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die inspiratorische Muskelkraft und den maximalen Sauerstoffverbrauch bei Fußballspielern hat.

Key words

breathing exercises - respiratory muscle training - soccer

Schlüsselwörter

Atemübungen - Atemmuskeltraining - Fußball

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