Neuropediatrics 2022; 53(02): 147-148
DOI: 10.1055/a-1740-9649
Videos and Images in Neuropediatrics

“Leukodystrophy-Like” Phenotype in Anti-MOG Antibody-Associated Disorders

1   Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neurology Section, Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
,
Ana Felipe-Rucián
1   Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neurology Section, Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
,
Ángel Sánchez-Montáñez
2   Pediatric Neuroradiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
,
Thais Armangué
3   Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department, Research Institute of Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
,
David Gómez-Andrés
1   Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neurology Section, Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
› Author Affiliations

A 7-year-old girl developed sudden-onset right-faciobrachial hemiparesis after 3-month period of progressive abnormal behavior and academic impairment without encephalopathy. Brain MRI at diagnosis showed an extensive and confluent bilateral white matter involvement and gadolinium enhancement ([Fig. 1]). Metabolic and infectious studies were negative. The CSF profile showed mild pleocytosis and oligoclonal-bands were negative. Serum autoantibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG-abs) were 1/1,280 at onset. After early treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone and rituximab, her motor function fully recovered. After 12-months follow-up, mild cognitive and visuospatial deficits persist and MOG-abs were 1/640. No relapses have occurred.

Zoom Image
Fig. 1 Brain MRI at diagnosis: prominent extensive and bilateral hyperintense T2 signal in the supratentorial subcortical and juxtacortical white matter without grey matter involvement (A: sagittal, B and C: axial). Gadolinium enhancement with slow and progressive permeability pattern on dynamic contrast enhancement MRI perfusion (D: axial T1 with gadolinium). Brain MRI after 1 year of treatment with corticotherapy and rituximab: Evident reduction of bilateral T2 hyperintense territory in the supratentorial subcortical and juxtacortical white matter (E: coronal, F and G: axial) with absence of gadolinium enhancement (H: axial T1 with gadolinium). Grey matter is also preserved.

MOG-abs have emerged as a new biomarker in demyelinating central nervous system diseases.[1] [2] Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, and less often transverse myelitis or neuromyelitis-optica spectrum disorders represent the highest incidence of pediatric-acquired demyelinating syndromes. However, the spectrum of MOG-ab-associated-disorders (MOGAD) is broader than previously expected, including atypical phenotypes such as leukodystrophy-like.[3] [4] [5]

Our case is a paradigm of this uncommon phenotype of MOGAD featured by atypical clinical presentation and by the widespread alteration of white matter overlapping with genetic/metabolic leukodystrophies. Although infrequent, leukodystrophy-like MOGAD is a treatable disorder and cases with extensive and confluent white matter lesions should prompt early testing of MOG-abs to ensure early therapy.



Publication History

Received: 27 October 2021

Accepted: 13 January 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
14 January 2022

Article published online:
02 March 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 Reindl M, Di Pauli F, Rostásy K, Berger T. The spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2013; 9 (08) 455-461
  • 2 Hennes EM, Baumann M, Lechner C, Rostásy K. MOG spectrum disorders and role of MOG-antibodies in clinical practice. Neuropediatrics 2018; 49 (01) 3-11
  • 3 Hacohen Y, Rossor T, Mankad K. et al. ‘Leukodystrophy-like’ phenotype in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60 (04) 417-423
  • 4 Armangue T, Olivé-Cirera G, Martínez-Hernandez E. et al; Spanish Pediatric anti-MOG Study Group. Associations of paediatric demyelinating and encephalitic syndromes with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19 (03) 234-246
  • 5 Bruijstens AL, Lechner C, Flet-Berliac L. et al; E.U. paediatric MOG consortium. E.U. paediatric MOG consortium consensus: part 1—classification of clinical phenotypes of paediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 29: 2-13