Präklinische Zell- und Tiermodelle zur Untersuchung der Auswirkungen des Parathormons auf den Zahnhalteapparat

Zusammenfassung

Das Parathormon (PTH) oder das Parathormon verwandte Protein (PTHrP) binden an den Parathormon Rezeptor Typ 1 (PTH1R) und lösen somit unterschiedliche biochemische Antworten aus. Der PTH1R gehört zur Familie der G-Protein gekoppelten Rezeptoren und reguliert die Calciumhomöostase und die Knochenbildung. Im Zahnhalteapparat sind Mutationen im PTH1R mit Zahndurchbruchsstörung assoziiert und bringen einen Verlust des Alveolarknochens mit sich.

Durch präklinische in vitro Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass PTH einen positiven Einfluss auf die Proliferation und die Differenzierung von Zellen aus dem parodontalen Ligament hat. Die intermittierende Verabreichung von PTH in vivo hat in unterschiedlichen Studien einen positiven Einfluss auf den Alveolarknochenverlust bewirkt, was eine Grundlage für einen Therapieansatz in dentalen Erkrankungen darstellt. Jedoch sind die molekularbiologischen Zusammenhänge bei der intermittierenden Applikation von PTH noch nicht bekannt, weshalb weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind.

In diesem kurzen Übersichtsartikel werden daher verschiedene Studien über die Verabreichung von PTH und seine Auswirkungen auf den Zahnhalteapparat verglichen.

Abstract

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) both can bind to the parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTH1R), thus triggering different biochemical signaling cascades. The PTH1R belongs to the family of g-protein coupled receptors and regulates calcium homeostasis and bone formation. In the periodontium, mutations of PTH1R play a role in primary failure of eruption (PFE) and entail the loss of the alveolar bone.

In vitro studies have shown that PTH has a positive effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cells from the periodontal ligament. The intermittent administration of PTH in vivo in different studies revealed a positive impact on the alveolar bone loss, providing a basis for a therapeutic approach in dental diseases. However, the molecular biological relationships involved in the intermittent application of PTH are not yet known, so further investigations are needed.

This short review article compares different studies on the administration of PTH and its effects on the periodontium.

Schlüsselwörter

PTH - PTHrP - PTH1R - Zahndurchbruchsstörung - Zahnhalteapparat - Parodontitis

Key words

parathyroid hormone - parathyroid hormone related protein - parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 - primary failure of eruption - periodontium - periodontitis

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