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Facial Plast Surg 2022; 38(04): 364-374
DOI: 10.1055/a-1849-5491
Original Article

Management of Posttraumatic Enophthalmos Including Complex Secondary Deficits

Isabelle Gengler
1   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
,
Tsung-yen Hsieh 
1   Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Abstract

Posttraumatic enophthalmos (PE) arises when the ocular globe is displaced posteriorly and inferiorly in the orbital cavity due to a mismatch in orbital volume and orbital content. This most commonly happens after orbital fractures. The resulting disruptions to aesthetic form and ocular functions often necessitate surgical correction for reconstruction and restoration. The purpose of surgical management of PE is to reconstruct orbital shape and volume as well as to restore any herniated orbital content. This can be particularly challenging in cases involving large defects that require complex orbital reconstruction. Recent advancements in computer-aided surgery have introduced innovative and important tools to assist surgeons with these difficult cases. The ability to create customized, patient-specific implants can facilitate reconstruction involving complicated anatomy. Additionally, intraoperative imaging and intraoperative navigation can serve as useful guides for surgeons to more accurately place implants, especially in cases with limited visualization, in order to achieve optimal outcomes.

Keywords

enophthalmos - computer-aided surgery - intraoperative navigation - intraoperative imaging - orbital fractures


Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
11 May 2022

Article published online:
07 August 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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